Towards the objective assessment of suicidal states: Some neurocognitive deficits may be temporally related to suicide attempt
Towards the objective assessment of suicidal states: Some neurocognitive deficits may be temporally related to suicide attempt
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112624
复制
发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Keilp, John G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Interian, Alejandro;Myers, Catherine E.;Keilp, John G.
自杀状态的神经认知检测有可能显着推进客观风险评估。这一目标需要确定神经认知缺陷在自杀未遂期间发生波动。因此，当前的研究在自杀高风险样本（n = 141）中评估了神经认知表现是否与自杀企图暂时相关。评估包括临床医生进行的访谈、自我报告问卷和评估反应抑制、注意力控制和记忆识别的神经认知任务。分析检查了根据以下时间自杀企图类别的神经认知评分是否存在显着差异：（a）过去一周的自杀企图； (b) 过去一年的尝试（不是过去一周）； (c) 过去一年没有尝试过。单变量结果显示，反应抑制和记忆识别与自杀企图新近程度显着相关。事后配对测试表明，过去一周有过自杀企图的参与者比过去一年没有尝试过自杀的参与者表现出更大的损伤。多变量测试显示了相同的结果模式，调整了年龄、去年之前的自杀企图、情绪障碍和自杀意念。这些结果表明，反应抑制和记忆识别的神经认知评估显示出对自杀企图的近期程度的敏感性。虽然未来需要进行前瞻性研究，但结果表明阶段性神经认知缺陷可能作为短期自杀风险的客观标志。
Neurocognitive detection of suicidal states has the potential to significantly advance objective risk assessment. This goal requires establishing that neurocognitive deficits fluctuate around the time of a suicide attempt. The current study therefore evaluated whether neurocognitive performance is temporally related to suicide attempt, in a sample at highrisk for suicide (n = 141). Evaluations consisted of a clinician-administered interview, self-report questionnaires, and neurocognitive tasks assessing response inhibition, attentional control, and memory recognition. Analyses examined whether neurocognitive scores significantly differed according to the following temporal suicide attempt categories: (a) past-week attempt; (b) past-year attempt (not in past week); and (c) no past-year attempt. Univariate results showed that response inhibition and memory recognition were significantly related to suicide attempt recency. Post-hoc pairwise tests showed that participants with a past-week suicide attempt showed greater impairments than those without a past-year attempt. Multivariate tests showed the same pattern of results, adjusting for age, suicide attempts prior to past year, mood disturbance, and suicidal ideation. These results show that neurocognitive assessment of response inhibition and memory recognition shows sensitivity to the recency of a suicide attempt. While future prospective studies are needed, results suggest that phasic neurocognitive deficits may serve as objective markers of short-term suicide risk.