Starvation in Subterranean Species Versus Surface-Dwelling Species: Crustaceans, Fish, and Salamanders
Starvation in Subterranean Species Versus Surface-Dwelling Species: Crustaceans, Fish, and Salamanders
复制标题
地下物种与地表物种的饥饿：甲壳类动物、鱼类和蝾螈
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Hervant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Hervant
地下栖息地的特点是恒定的非生物因素通常，包括黑暗，湿度和温度，但这些栖息地也表现出较高的时间和空间斑块的食物供应。因此，地下有机体经常要科普可能持续几周到几个月的饥饿期。地下物种通常表现出对长期食物匮乏的特殊适应，并表现出比地上物种更高的抗饥饿能力。在地下水生甲壳类动物，鱼类和两栖类动物的行为，运动和排泄活动，耗氧量，消化生理和能量储存的长期禁食和随后的再喂养的影响进行了研究，然后与密切相关或形态相似的表面居住物种之间观察到的反应进行比较。在可能的情况下，对同一物种的上位和下位种群进行比较。地下生物对长期禁食表现出的显著抵抗力可能部分由以下原因解释：（1）营养状态下代谢需求较低，身体储存量较大;（2）能够经历饥饿诱导的代谢减退;（3）广泛的脂质代谢允许糖原和蛋白质保留的长期状态。此外，这些地下水物种在再喂养过程中表现出很高的恢复能力，表现出对现有食物的最佳利用和身体储备的快速恢复。这种反应是适应生活在恶劣和不可预测的地下环境。本文第一部分着重于地下生态系统（特别是洞穴和地下水）的食物状况。第二部分研究了地下生物对长期饥饿的敏感性和反应。
Subterranean habitats are characterized by constant abiotic factors usually, including darkness, humidity, and temperature; yet these habitats also exhibit high temporal and spatial patchiness of food availability. Therefore, hypogean organisms often cope with periods of starvation that can last a few weeks to a few months. Subterranean species generally exhibit specific adaptations to long-term food deprivation and show a higher resistance to starvation than their epigean counterparts. The effects of long-term fasting and subsequent refeeding on behavior, locomotory and ventilatory activities, oxygen consumption, digestive physiology, and energy stores were investigated in subterranean aquatic crustaceans, fishes, and amphibians and then compared with responses observed among closely related or morphologically similar surface-dwelling species. When possible epigean and hypogean populations of the same species were compared. The remarkable resistance to long-term fasting showed by subterranean organisms may be partly explained by (1) lower metabolic demands and larger body stores in their nourished state, (2) the ability to undergo starvation-induced hypometabolism, and (3) a prolonged state of glycogen- and protein-sparing, permitted by extensive lipid catabolism. In addition, these groundwater species display high recovery abilities during refeeding, showing an optimal utilization of available food and a rapid restoration of their body reserves. Such responses are adaptive for life in harsh and unpredictable subterranean environments. The first part of this review focuses on the food status of subterranean ecosystems (especially caves and groundwaters’). The second part examines the sensitivity and responses of hypogean organisms to prolonged starvation.