Lifespan Extension Via Dietary Restriction: Time to Reconsider the Evolutionary Mechanisms?
Lifespan Extension Via Dietary Restriction: Time to Reconsider the Evolutionary Mechanisms?
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DOI：
10.1002/bies.201900241
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发表时间：
2020-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Walling，Craig A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moatt，Joshua P.;Savola，Eevi;Walling，Craig A.
饮食限制（DR）是延长寿命的最一致的环境操纵。最初被认为是由减少热量摄入引起的，最近的证据表明，大量营养素的摄入支持DR的效果。DR反应的流行的进化解释是概念化的热量限制范式下，需要重新考虑这些进化的解释如何或是否适合这种大量营养素的角度。在作者看来，目前对DR的进化解释都不能充分解释观察结果的复杂性;相反，这些理论的上下文依赖性组合可能反映现实。在回顾这一领域时，有人提出，追踪体内不同常量营养素的目的地的能力将是建立竞争理论的相对作用的关键。了解DR反应的演变及其生态相关性对于了解DR反应的变化及其在实验室环境之外的相关性至关重要。
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most consistent environmental manipulation to extend lifespan. Originally thought to be caused by a reduction in caloric intake, recent evidence suggests that macronutrient intake underpins the effect of DR. The prevailing evolutionary explanations for the DR response are conceptualized under the caloric restriction paradigm, necessitating reconsideration of how or whether these evolutionary explanations fit this macronutrient perspective. In the authors’ opinion, none of the current evolutionary explanations of DR adequately explain the intricacies of observed results; instead a context‐dependent combination of these theories is suggested which is likely to reflect reality. In reviewing the field, it is proposed that the ability to track the destination of different macronutrients within the body will be key to establishing the relative roles of the competing theories. Understanding the evolution of the DR response and its ecological relevance is critical to understanding variation in DR responses and their relevance outside laboratory environments.