Climatic, Biological, and Land Cover Controls on the Exchange of Gas-Phase Semivolatile Chemical Pollutants between Forest Canopies and the Atmosphere
Climatic, Biological, and Land Cover Controls on the Exchange of Gas-Phase Semivolatile Chemical Pollutants between Forest Canopies and the Atmosphere
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DOI：
10.1021/es2036527
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发表时间：
2012-03-06
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Perlinger, Judith A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nizzetto, Luca;Perlinger, Judith A.
一个结构化的阔叶林冠层的生态生理模型耦合到一个化学命运模型的空气冠层交换的气态半挥发性化学物质，以动态评估短期（小时）和中期（天到季节）的空气冠层交换和生物，气候和土地覆盖的驱动程序的动态的空气冠层交换和冠层存储空气中的半挥发性污染物的影响。化学归宿模型考虑了空气温度、风速、气孔开度和叶片能量平衡的短期变化的影响，所有这些都是冠层中层的函数。模拟结果表明，潜在的发生强烈的短期/中期再排放的污染物具有log K-OA高达10.7从冠层作为环境强迫的结果。此外，相对较小的年际变化，季节平均气温，冠层生物量，降水量可以产生相关的变化，冠层存储容量的化学品。据估计，可能与气候变化有关的环境参数的可变性（例如，季节平均气温增加2摄氏度，加上树冠生物量减少10%，例如，干扰或驯化）可能导致冠层储存能力减少15- 25%，有利于再排放和远距离大气迁移的潜力。另一方面，增加300%的年降水量可以增加冠层螯合2-7%的疏水性较低的化合物。
An ecophysiological model of a structured broadleaved forest canopy was coupled to a chemical fate model of the air canopy exchange of gaseous semivolatile chemicals to dynamically assess the short-term (hours) and medium term (days to season) air canopy exchange and the influence of biological, climatic, and land cover drivers on the dynamics of the air canopy exchange and on the canopy storage for airborne semivolatile pollutants. The chemical fate model accounts for effects of short-term variations in air temperature, wind speed, stomatal opening, and leaf energy balance, all as a function of layer in the canopy. Simulations showed the potential occurrence of intense short/medium term re-emission of pollutants having log K-OA up to 10.7 from the canopy as a result of environmental forcing. In addition, relatively small interannual variations in seasonally averaged air temperature, canopy biomass, and precipitation can produce relevant changes in the canopy storage capacity for the chemicals. It was estimated that possible climate change related variability in environmental parameters (e.g., an increase of 2 degrees C in seasonally averaged air temperature in combination with a 10% reduction in canopy biomass due to, e.g., disturbance or acclimatization) may cause a reduction in canopy storage capacity of up to 15-25%, favoring re-emission and potential for long-range atmospheric transport. On the other hand, an increase of 300% in yearly precipitation can increase canopy sequestration by 2-7% for the less hydrophobic compounds.