Habituation of mating preferences: a comment on Daniel, Koffinas and Hughes (2019)
Habituation of mating preferences: a comment on Daniel, Koffinas and Hughes (2019)
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择偶偏好的习惯化：对丹尼尔、科菲纳斯和休斯的评论 (2019)
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2019.1373
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Turatto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Chiandetti;M. Turatto
丹尼尔，Koffinas和Hughes [1]（以下简称DKH）报告说，雌性特立尼达孔雀鱼（一种热带鱼）的交配偏好受到习惯化的影响，这是一种反映动物王国中广泛存在的祖先学习形式的行为现象[2，3]。作者发现，当一只雌性动物反复接触一只具有特定颜色图案的雄性动物时，雌性动物对具有类似图案的雄性动物的交配兴趣会随着接触次数的增加而降低。DKH还表明，这种反应衰减呈现出习惯化的几个特征，如刺激特异性（交配反应对具有不同颜色图案的雄性恢复），自发恢复（如果习惯的雄性暂时被移除，反应恢复）和disabituation（对习惯的雄性的反应在暴露于新的雄性后恢复）。虽然这项研究肯定是有趣的，因为它表明习惯化可以影响生物学上重要的刺激，但我们遗憾地注意到，DKH完全忽略了两个研究领域，其结果与他们研究中所解决的问题高度相关，并且可以帮助理解报告的发现。开始，对同一个伴侣的性兴趣会受到习惯化的影响，这并不是一个新的概念，相反，这是一个众所周知的现象，称为“柯立芝”效应[4]。例如，在20世纪50年代，海滩和乔丹对大鼠的性“满足”进行了开创性的研究，发现雄性大鼠在无限制地接近同一只接受性雌性大鼠的过程中，交配行为减弱，而性反应在一段时间的不活动后恢复[5]。虽然最初降低的性反应并没有被解释为习惯的实例[5，6]，但随后的研究[7，8]开始考虑交配行为的减少并不是由性疲劳或疲惫引起的，而是由习惯机制引起的[9，10]。在同一时期，其他研究表明，雄性大鼠的性能力在雌性伴侣被改变时完全恢复，从而显示出习惯化的一个重要特征，即刺激特异性[11，12]。在雄性绵羊的交配行为中也发现了类似的结果模式[13]。此外，费舍尔在他对大鼠的研究中[12]有轶事报道说，如果引入闪烁的灯光和音调，习惯了的雄性可能会对以前交配过的雌性表现出新的兴趣，回顾起来，这可以解释为disabituation的一个例子。尽管具有敏化的习惯化通常被认为反映了非联想学习的一种形式，但已经提出了习惯化的联想模型，其中习惯化可以是特定于上下文的[14]。因此，已经报道了非人类和人类动物中不同反应的特定环境习惯化的证据[15-17]。与此观点相一致，有证据表明，在哺乳动物中，如果在新的环境中遇到同一只雌性动物，习惯性雄性动物的交配反应往往会恢复[18]。从这个简短的，虽然不是详尽的，文献综述，很明显，在不同的类群交配是受习惯。然而，必须承认，DKH的研究在一个重要方面与上述研究不同。事实上，在对性行为的研究中，
Daniel, Koffinas and Hughes [1](hereafter DKH) reported that the mating preferences of female Trinidadian guppy (a tropical fish) are subject to habituation, a behavioural phenomenon reflecting a widespread form of ancestral learning in the animal kingdom [2, 3]. The authors found that when a female was repeatedly exposed to a male with a given colour pattern, the female mating interest for males with a similar pattern decreased as a function of the number of exposures. DKH also showed that this response decrement presents several features of habituation, such as stimulus specificity (the mating response recovers for a male with a different colour pattern), spontaneous recovery (the response recovers if the habituated male is temporarily removed) and dishabituation (responsiveness to the habituated male recovers after exposure to a novel male). While the study is certainly of interest, because it shows that habituation can affect biologically significant stimuli, we regretfully have to note that DKH have completely overlooked two areas of research whose results are highly relevant for the question addressed in their study and that can help to understand the reported findings.To begin with, the notion that the sexual interest toward the same partner is subject to habituation is not a new one, rather it is a well-known phenomenon called the ‘Coolidge’effect [4]. For example, in their pioneering study on sexual ‘satiation’in rats in the 1950s, Beach & Jordan found a weakening of the copulating behaviour of a male rat during a period of unlimited access to the same receptive female, whereas the sexual response recovered after a period of inactivity [5]. Although initially the reduced sexual responsiveness was not interpreted as an instance of habituation [5, 6], subsequent studies [7, 8] began to consider the possibility that the reduction in mating behaviour was not accounted for by sexual fatigue or exhaustion, but rather by mechanisms of habituation [9, 10]. In the same period, other studies showed that the sexual capacity of a male rat recovered completely when the female partner was changed, thus showing an important characteristic of habituation, namely stimulus specificity [11, 12]. A similar pattern of results has been found in the mating behaviour of male sheep [13]. Furthermore, Fisher in his study [12] on rats anecdotally reported that the habituated male may show a renewed interest in a previously mated female if flashing lights and tones are introduced, which retrospectively can be interpreted as an instance of dishabituation. Although habituation, with sensitization, is often considered to reflect a form of non-associative learning, associative models of habituation have been proposed in which habituation can be context-specific [14]. Accordingly, evidence of context-specific habituation of different responses in non-human and human animals has been reported [15–17]. In agreement with this view, some evidence exists that in mammals the mating response of a habituated male tends to resume if the same female is encountered in a new environment [18]. From this brief, though not exhaustive, literature review, it is evident that in different taxa mating is subject to habituation. However, it must be acknowledged that the study of DKH differs in one important aspect from the above-mentioned ones. Indeed, whereas in studies on the sexual behaviour
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2019.0435
发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Daniel, M. J.;Koffinas, L.;Hughes, K. A.
通讯作者：
Hughes, K. A.