KELP BEDS AS HABITAT FOR AMERICAN LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS
KELP BEDS AS HABITAT FOR AMERICAN LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS
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DOI：
10.3354/meps100127
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发表时间：
1993-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
STENECK, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOLOGNA, PAX;STENECK, RS
美洲龙虾Homarus americanus和海带Laminaria Longicruris和L.sucharina是北大西洋西部潮下群落中的重要成员，通常关系密切。然而，还没有人确定这种关系的性质，也没有人具体调查过海带床是否是龙虾的优越栖息地。1990年和1991年，我们在美国缅因湾中部的一个沿海地点进行了实地研究，以确定龙虾如何利用海带作为栖息地。建立了相同大小和间隔的活海带和人造(塑料)海带地块，并监测龙虾种群密度。相邻的相同大小的无特征沉积物地块作为对照。真实海带处理和人工海带处理的龙虾种群密度和生物量都显著高于非海带对照小区(p<；0.0001)。龙虾密度的变化在实验放置后的第二天就很明显，因此不太可能发生吸引猎物进入处理的次要营养效应。因此，海带床可以通过为龙虾提供庇护所来影响当地龙虾种群密度，从而使个体集中，并增加当地潜在龙虾栖息地的承载能力。通过测试龙虾对不同斑块大小的反应，进一步探讨了海藻床对龙虾栖息地当地承载能力的影响。建立了人工海带圆形斑块的分级大小序列，其中海带叶片密度和总面积在每个处理中保持不变。处理被细分为四个1M2、两个2M2或一个4m2斑块。对龙虾种群密度和大小结构进行了调查，以确定不同处理之间存在的统计差异。龙虾密度在最小的斑块中显著更大(p<；0.001)。此外，龙虾通常占据着海带床的边缘，它们在海带地块中的丰富程度与海带地块的周长与面积的关系相对应。这表明，边缘效应通过影响龙虾选择海带作为栖息地来影响当地龙虾的承载能力。
The American lobster Homarus americanus and kelp Laminaria longicruris and L. saccharina are prominent and often intimately associated members of the subtidal community in the western North Atlantic Ocean. However, no one has identified the nature of this relationship or specifically investigated whether kelp beds are a superior habitat for lobsters. We conducted field studies in 1990 and 1991 at a coastal site centrally located along the Gulf of Maine, USA, to determine how lobsters use kelp beds as habitat. Identically sized and spaced plots of live and artificial (plastic) kelp were established and monitored for lobster population densities. Adjacent featureless sediment plots of identical size served as controls. Lobster population density and biomass were significantly higher in both real and artificial kelp treatments than in non-kelp control plots (p < 0.0001). The change in lobster density was apparent the day following placement of the experiment, so a secondary trophic effect such as attracting prey into treatments is unlikely to have occurred. Thus, kelp beds can affect local lobster population densities by providing shelter for lobsters, thereby concentrating individuals and increasing the local carrying capacity of potential lobster habitats. The effect of kelp beds on the local carrying capacity of lobster habitats was further explored by testing how lobsters respond to differing patch sizes. A graded size series of circular patches of artificial kelp was established, in which kelp blade density and total area were held constant for each treatment. Treatments were subdivided into four 1 M2, two 2 M2, or one 4 m2 patches. Experiments were surveyed for lobster population density and size structure to determine ff statistical differences existed among treatments. Lobster density was significantly greater in the smallest patches (p < 0.001). Moreover, lobsters typically occupied the edges of kelp beds, and their abundance within kelp patches corresponded to the patch's perimeter-to-area relationship. This suggests that edge effects' influence the local carrying capacity for lobsters by influencing the lobsters' choice of kelp beds as habitat.