Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
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DOI：
10.4103/1673-5374.143423
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发表时间：
2014-10-15
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Ren Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou X;He X;Ren Y
脊髓损伤（Spinal cord injury，SCI）是一种严重的神经系统损伤，治疗机会有限。SCI的病理生理学包括原发性和继发性损伤机制。在所有继发性损伤机制中，炎症反应是主要的贡献者，并导致病变的扩大和神经功能的进一步丧失。同时，炎症直接或间接地影响着脊髓损伤的预后，不仅包括疼痛和运动功能障碍，而且还阻碍了神经元的再生。小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞在继发性损伤中起重要作用。小胶质细胞存在于脊髓实质中，通过损伤或感染的信号监测脊髓微环境。巨噬细胞来源于从外周循环募集到损伤部位的单核细胞。活化的常驻小胶质细胞和单核细胞源性巨噬细胞不仅通过其分泌分子和吞噬作用，而且通过影响星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和脱髓鞘来诱导和放大免疫和炎症反应。本文就小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞在脊髓损伤继发性损伤中的作用及其对脊髓损伤后遗症的影响作一综述。
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contributor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. Meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but also preventingneuronal regeneration. Microglia and macrophages play very important roles in secondary injury. Microglia reside in spinal parenchyma and survey the microenvironment through the signals of injury or infection. Macrophages are derived from monocytes recruited to injured sites from the peripheral circulation. Activated resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages induce and magnify immune and inflammatory responses not only by means of their secretory moleculesand phagocytosis, but also through their influence on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and demyelination. In this review, we focus on the roles of microglia and macrophages in secondary injury and how they contribute to the sequelae of SCI.