Effects of low salinities on Flavobacterium columnare infection of euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fish
Effects of low salinities on Flavobacterium columnare infection of euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fish
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00306.x
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Grizzle, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altinok, I;Grizzle, JM
水道鲶鱼、斑点鱼、金鱼、鲫鱼、条纹鲈鱼、萨克萨氏鲑（Walbaum）和海湾鲟（acpenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov）适应淡水或千分之九或更低的盐度，然后暴露于引起柱状病的黄杆菌（以前称为柱状弯曲杆菌）。适应了千分之3.0或千分之9.0盐度的鱼无一死亡，而在较低盐度下的所有死亡都发生在接触柱状梭菌后1至5天之间。水道鲶鱼在淡水中死亡率为97.7%，盐度为1.0 ppm时死亡率为67.1%（模型SE为1.8）；金鱼在淡水中死亡率为66.5%，盐度为1.0 ppm时死亡率为40.8%（模型SE为1.2）；在淡水中占96.9%，条纹鲈鱼在千分之1.0盐度中占61.7%（模型SE， 1.8）。暴露于柱状f后，没有一条海湾鲟鱼死亡。柱状黄杆菌从实验中死亡的所有鱼的皮肤和鳃中分离出来，但在细菌暴露于1.0‰盐度21天后的淡水中没有从幸存者中分离出来。细菌在1.0或3.0‰盐度下的体外生长明显高于对照培养基（0.3‰盐度）。然而，细菌的体外黏附随盐度的增加而降低，这可以解释高盐度下鱼类死亡率较低的原因。
Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), and Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, were acclimatized to fresh water or salinities of 9.0 parts per thousand or less and then exposed to Flavobacterium columnare (formerly known as Flexibacter columnaris), the bacterial pathogen that causes columnaris disease. None of the fish acclimatized to 3.0 or 9.0 parts per thousand salinity died, and all deaths in lower salinities occurred between 1 and 5 days after exposure to F. columnare. Mortality was 97.7% in fresh water and 67.1% in 1.0 parts per thousand salinity for channel catfish (model SE, 1.8) and 66.5% in fresh water and 40.8% in 1.0 parts per thousand salinity for goldfish (model SE, 1.2); and 96.9% in fresh water and 61.7% in 1.0 parts per thousand salinity for striped bass (model SE, 1.8). After exposure to F. columnare, none of the Gulf sturgeon died. Flavobacterium columnare was isolated from the skin and gills of all fish dying during the experiments, but was not isolated from survivors in fresh water and 1.0 parts per thousand salinity 21 days after bacterial exposure. In vitro growth of bacteria was significantly higher in 1.0 or 3.0 parts per thousand salinity than in control medium (0.3 parts per thousand salinity). However, in vitro adhesion of bacteria was reduced with increasing salinity, which could explain the lower mortality of fish at higher salinities.