Homeostatic Regulation of Interneuron Apoptosis During Cortical Development.
Homeostatic Regulation of Interneuron Apoptosis During Cortical Development.
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DOI：
10.1177/1179069518784277
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pachnis V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denaxa M;Neves G;Burrone J;Pachnis V
哺乳动物皮层由两种主要神经元类型组成：主要兴奋性锥体神经元（PN）和抑制性中间神经元（IN）。这两个神经元群之间的相互作用（分别驱动兴奋和抑制（E/I 平衡））对于控制大脑的整体活动至关重要。许多神经和精神疾病与 E/I 平衡的变化有关。因此，毫不奇怪，神经网络采用几种不同的机制来将其放电率维持在稳定的水平，统称为可塑性的稳态形式。在这里，我们分享了我们对 IN 群体的规模如何为控制大脑活动提供早期稳态检查点的看法。在最近发表在《Cell Reports》上的一篇论文中，我们证明，在产后关键的早期阶段，IN 凋亡的程度是可塑的、细胞类型特异性的，并且可以通过神经元活动的急剧增加以细胞自主的方式减少。我们提出，网络的生理状态与其细胞单元之间的关键相互作用可以微调 IN 群体的大小，以稳定网络活动。
The mammalian cortex consists of two main neuronal types: the principal excitatory pyramidal neurons (PNs) and the inhibitory interneurons (INs). The interplay between these two neuronal populations – which drive excitation and inhibition (E/I balance), respectively – is crucial for controlling the overall activity in the brain. A number of neurological and psychiatric disorders have been associated with changes in E/I balance. It is not surprising, therefore, that neural networks employ several different mechanisms to maintain their firing rates at a stable level, collectively referred as homeostatic forms of plasticity. Here, we share our views on how the size of IN populations may provide an early homeostatic checkpoint for controlling brain activity. In a recent paper published in Cell Reports, we demonstrate that the extent of IN apoptosis during a critical early postnatal period is plastic, cell type specific, and can be reduced in a cell-autonomous manner by acute increases in neuronal activity. We propose that a critical interplay between the physiological state of the network and its cellular units fine-tunes the size of IN populations with the aim of stabilizing network activity.