Spread and impact of introduced conifers in South America: Lessons from other southern hemisphere regions-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02058.x

发表时间：

2009-10

期刊：

Austral Ecology

影响因子：

1.5

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

环境科学与生态学4区

文献类型：

作者：

D. Simberloff;Martin A. Nuñez;N. Ledgard;Aníbal Pauchard;D. Richardson;M. Sarasola;B. W. Wilgen;S. Zalba;R. D. Zenni;R. Bustamante;E. Peña;S. Ziller;B. Blanca

早些时候在南半球其他地方引入的针叶树的历史表明，最近在阿根廷，巴西，智利和乌拉圭的入侵数量和规模可能会增加。在南非、新西兰和澳大利亚，早期的观赏植物引进和小型林业种植园并没有导致大规模的入侵，而随后的大型种植园则滞后了大约20-30年的麻烦入侵。南美洲的大规模针叶树种植园林比南非、澳大利亚和新西兰晚了大约50-80年，而南美洲的入侵报告比后者晚了世纪。南美洲以外的非本地针叶树入侵的影响是多种多样的，包括草原和灌木林针叶林，改变火灾和水文制度，土壤养分的修改，并在地上和地下生物群落的变化。其中一些影响已经在南美洲遭受针叶树入侵的各个地区被发现。智利的针叶树种植面积已经很大，在阿根廷和巴西也在迅速增长。大量的繁殖树反过来又产生了巨大的繁殖压力，可能会加速正在进行的入侵，并以越来越快的速度引发新的入侵。新西兰和南非以及澳大利亚的某些州，受到对这些国家入侵的观察的启发，迟迟才实施控制针叶树入侵的法规，包括减缓蔓延的措施。南美洲的法规较弱，而且是零碎的，但其他地方现有的针叶树入侵研究基础可能有助于南美洲制定有效的法规。在南非，外国客户的压力导致那里的大多数公司通过林业管理理事会寻求认证;澳大利亚也有类似的方案。这种方法在南美洲可能是有希望的。aec_2058 1.. 16

The history of conifers introduced earlier elsewhere in the southern hemisphere suggests that recent invasions in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay are likely to increase in number and size. In South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, early ornamental introductions and small forestry plantations did not lead to large-scale invasions, while subsequent large plantations were followed with a lag of about 20-30 years by troublesome invasions. Large-scale conifer plantation forestry in South America began about 50-80 years later than in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, while reports of invasions in South America lagged behind those in the latter nations by a century. Impacts of invading non-native conifers outside South America are varied and include replacement of grassland and shrubland by conifer forest, alteration of fire and hydrological regimes, modification of soil nutrients, and changes in aboveground and belowground biotic communities. Several of these effects have already been detected in various parts of South America undergoing conifer invasion. The sheer amount of area planted in conifers is already very large in Chile and growing rapidly in Argentina and Brazil. This mass of reproductive trees, in turn, produces an enormous propagule pressure that may accelerate ongoing invasions and spark new ones at an increasing rate. Regulations to control conifer invasions, including measures to mitigate spread, were belatedly implemented in New Zealand and South Africa, as well as in certain Australian states, inspired by observations on invasions in those nations. Regulations in South America are weaker and piecemeal, but the existing research base on conifer invasions elsewhere could be useful in fashioning effective regulations in South America. Pressure from foreign customers in South Africa has led most companies there to seek certification through the Forestry Stewardship Council; a similar programme operates in Australia. Such an approach may be promising in South America. aec_2058 1..16

Spread and impact of introduced conifers in South America: Lessons from other southern hemisphere regions

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