Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?
Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Baumeister, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bushman, BJ;Baumeister, RF
人们普遍认为，缺乏自尊会导致暴力，但缺乏实验室证据，一些相反的观察将侵略者描述为具有良好的自我看法。在两项研究中，简单的自尊和自恋都被测量了，然后每个参与者都有机会去攻击侮辱或赞扬他们的人，或者攻击无辜的第三人。事实证明，自尊与攻击性无关。自恋和侮辱的结合导致了对侮辱根源的异常高水平的攻击性。这两种形式的自尊都不会影响流离失所的攻击性。总体来说，这一比例较低。这些发现与普遍认为缺乏自尊会导致攻击性的观点相矛盾，相反，自尊心受到威胁是一个重要原因。
It has been widely asserted that low self-esteem causes violence, but laboratory evidence is lacking, and some contrary observations have characterized aggressors as having favorable self-opinions. In 2 studies, both simple self-esteem and narcissism were measured, and then individual participants were given an opportunity to aggress against someone who had insulted them or praised them or against an innocent third person. Self-esteem proved irrelevant to aggression. The combination of narcissism and insult led to exceptionally high levels of aggression toward the source of the insult. Neither form of self-regard affected displaced aggression. which was low in general. These findings contradict the popular view that low self-esteem causes aggression and point instead toward threatened egotism as an important cause.