Carbon dioxide emissions effects of grid-scale electricity storage in a decarbonizing power system
Carbon dioxide emissions effects of grid-scale electricity storage in a decarbonizing power system
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a78
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Hodge, Bri-Mathias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Craig, Michael T.;Jaramillo, Paulina;Hodge, Bri-Mathias
虽然网格尺度的电力存储（以下称“存储”）对于深入脱碳电力系统可能至关重要，但它会增加美国当前系统中二氧化碳（CO2）的排放。为了更好地了解从增加到减少系统CO2排放的存储转变，我们量化了存储对操作CO2排放的影响，因为在每个目标下，在中等和强的CO2降低目标下脱碳。存储仅参与能源，仅储备以及能源和储备市场时，将二氧化碳排放量存储在二氧化碳排放量上。我们在德克萨斯州电力可靠性委员会（ERCOT）系统中进行研究，并使用容量扩展模型来预测发生器机队的变化，并采用单位承诺和经济调度模型来量化有或没有存储的系统CO2排放。我们发现，存储将增加当前ERCOT系统中的二氧化碳排放，但在两个脱碳靶标下，2025年至2045年的二氧化碳排放量会减少二氧化碳排放。存储主要是通过使气体发电来取代燃煤发电，但也通过减少风力和太阳能减少来减少二氧化碳排放。我们进一步发现，存储参与的市场在存储对二氧化碳排放的影响的幅度（而不是方向）散发出很大的差异。
While grid-scale electricity storage (hereafter 'storage') could be crucial for deeply decarbonizing the electric power system, it would increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in current systems across the United States. To better understand how storage transitions from increasing to decreasing system CO2 emissions, we quantify the effect of storage on operational CO2 emissions as a power system decarbonizes under a moderate and strong CO2 emission reduction target through 2045. Under each target, we compare the effect of storage on CO2 emissions when storage participates in only energy, only reserve, and energy and reserve markets. We conduct our study in the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) system and use a capacity expansion model to forecast generator fleet changes and a unit commitment and economic dispatch model to quantify system CO2 emissions with and without storage. We find that storage would increase CO2 emissions in the current ERCOT system, but would decrease CO2 emissions in 2025 through 2045 under both decarbonization targets. Storage reduces CO2 emissions primarily by enabling gas-fired generation to displace coal-fired generation, but also by reducing wind and solar curtailment. We further find that the market in which storage participates drives large differences in the magnitude, but not the direction, of the effect of storage on CO2 emissions.