A metastable liquid melted from a crystalline solid under decompression.
A metastable liquid melted from a crystalline solid under decompression.
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在解压缩下从结晶固体熔化的亚稳态液体。
DOI：
10.1038/ncomms14260
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发表时间：
2017-01-23
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Shen G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin C;Smith JS;Sinogeikin SV;Kono Y;Park C;Kenney-Benson C;Shen G
过冷条件下可能存在亚稳液体，使液体保持在熔点以下，如过冷水和硅。最近对胶体颗粒和形成玻璃的金属系统的研究表明，它也可能在固-固转变过程中以瞬变状态存在。一个重要的问题是，结晶固体是否会直接熔化成可持续的亚稳定液体。通过加热，结晶固体总是会在熔点以上熔化成液体。在这里，我们报道了高压结晶相铋可以通过减压过程熔化成熔线以下的亚稳液体。减压诱导的亚稳液体可以在静态条件下保持数小时，并在施加外部扰动(如加热和冷却)时转变为晶相。它发生在压力-温度区域，类似于观察到过冷液态铋的地方。与过冷液体类似，压力诱导的亚稳液体可能比我们想象的更普遍。由于所产生的亚稳态寿命短，在实验上观察到处于固-固相变的中间液体是一项具有挑战性的工作。在这里，林等人。证明了一种亚稳定的铋液体可以通过减压从结晶固体中形成，并保持数小时。
A metastable liquid may exist under supercooling, sustaining the liquid below the melting point such as supercooled water and silicon. It may also exist as a transient state in solid–solid transitions, as demonstrated in recent studies of colloidal particles and glass-forming metallic systems. One important question is whether a crystalline solid may directly melt into a sustainable metastable liquid. By thermal heating, a crystalline solid will always melt into a liquid above the melting point. Here we report that a high-pressure crystalline phase of bismuth can melt into a metastable liquid below the melting line through a decompression process. The decompression-induced metastable liquid can be maintained for hours in static conditions, and transform to crystalline phases when external perturbations, such as heating and cooling, are applied. It occurs in the pressure–temperature region similar to where the supercooled liquid Bi is observed. Akin to supercooled liquid, the pressure-induced metastable liquid may be more ubiquitous than we thought. It is experimentally challenging to observe an intermediate liquid in solid–solid phase transitions due to short lifetimes of the resulting metastable states. Here, Lin et al. show that a metastable bismuth liquid can be formed from a crystalline solid through decompression and maintained for hours.