Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases.
Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61151-9
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Randolph, Sarah E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kilpatrick, A. Marm;Randolph, Sarah E.
新出现的病媒传播疾病是全球卫生的一个重要问题。在过去二十年中，许多病媒传播的病原体出现在新的地区，许多地方病的发病率有所增加。虽然引进和当地出现经常被认为是不同的过程，许多新出现的地方病病原体实际上是在当地规模的入侵与栖息地的变化相一致。我们强调的动态和疾病负担的主要差异，增加病原体传播后，栖息地的变化相比，引入病原体到新的地区。真正的原地出现通常是由人为因素的变化驱动的，而病原体入侵则是由人为贸易和旅行以及病原体的适宜条件（包括宿主、媒介和气候）引起的。一旦确定，与病媒特征有关的生态因素就会形成对病原体的进化选择压力，可能导致更多地利用人类作为传播宿主。我们描述了在控制媒介传播的人畜共患疾病和一些新兴的非传统战略，可能是更有效的长期的固有挑战。
Emerging vector-borne diseases represent an important issue for global health. Many vector-borne pathogens have appeared in new regions in the past two decades, and many endemic diseases have increased in incidence. Although introductions and local emergence are frequently considered distinct processes, many emerging endemic pathogens are in fact invading at a local scale coincident with habitat change. We highlight key differences in the dynamics and disease burden that result from increased pathogen transmission following habitat change compared with the introduction of pathogens to new regions. Truly in situ emergence is commonly driven by changes in human factors as much as by enhanced enzootic cycles whereas pathogen invasion results from anthropogenic trade and travel and suitable conditions for a pathogen, including hosts, vectors, and climate. Once established, ecological factors related to vector characteristics shape the evolutionary selective pressure on pathogens that may result in increased use of humans as transmission hosts. We describe challenges inherent in the control of vector-borne zoonotic diseases and some emerging non-traditional strategies that may be more effective in the long term.