Radar Research on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Radar Research on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
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大气边界层雷达研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Gossard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Gossard
雷达气象学的早期文献经常把来自（表面上）清晰的边界层和对流层低层的回波称为“幽灵”和“天使”。J.O.少校报告了“这类最真实的案例”之一（克尔，1951年）。1943年的弗莱彻。普朗克（Plank，1956）和阿特拉斯（Atlas，1959）对这些报告作了很好的总结。现在看来很清楚，许多这样的报告是由于昆虫或鸟类的后向散射，以及曾经被大气层反射过的地球或海洋表面的后向散射。现代高分辨率雷达表明，来自生物和颗粒目标以及折射率不规则性的回波可以以与作战雷达不可分割的方式对晴空后向散射做出贡献。例如，在一个实施例中，Richter和詹森，1973年; Richter等人，1974年）。事实上，NEXRAD系统的强大多普勒雷达将能够在温暖的月份中通过使用昆虫和有时折射率不规则性作为空气运动示踪剂来获得关于风暴前环境的宝贵的晴空信息。
The early literature in radar meteorology often refers to returns from the (apparently) clear boundary layer and lower troposphere as “ghosts” and “angels.” One of the “most authentic cases of this type” (Kerr, 1951) was reported by Major J.O. Fletcher in 1943. Excellent summaries of such reports were provided by Plank (1956) and Atlas (1959). It now seems clear that many such reports were due to backscatter from insects or birds and from the earth or sea surface once-reflected by an atmospheric layer. Modern high resolution radars demonstrate that echoes from both biological and particulate targets as well as from refractive index irregularities can contribute to clear-air backscatter in a way that is inseparable by operational radars (e. g., Richter and Jensen, 1973; Richter et al., 1974). In fact, the powerful Doppler radars of the NEXRAD system will be able to acquire valuable clear-air information on the prestorm environment during the warm months by using insects and sometimes refractive index irregularities as air-motion tracers.