Cumulative cultural learning: Development and diversity
Cumulative cultural learning: Development and diversity
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1620743114
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发表时间：
2017-07-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Legare, Cristine H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Legare, Cristine H.
人类文化的复杂性和多样性是任何其他物种都无法比拟的。人类生活在文化构建的小环境中，充满了世代继承、积累和修改的人工制品、技能、信仰和实践。对人类文化复杂性的因果解释必须解释它的显著特征：它是累积的，在人群内和人群之间具有高度的变异性。我认为，支持累积文化传播的心理适应是普遍的，但足够灵活，以支持高度可变的行为曲目的获得。本文描述了支持儿童累积文化学习的传播实践(教学)和习得策略(模仿)的变化。考察照料者社会化和儿童学习的灵活性和变异性，通过洞察累积文化传播的心理基础--人类文化多样性的基石，扩展了我们对生活系统进化的理解。
The complexity and variability of human culture is unmatched by any other species. Humans live in culturally constructed niches filled with artifacts, skills, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited, accumulated, and modified over generations. A causal account of the complexity of human culture must explain its distinguishing characteristics: It is cumulative and highly variable within and across populations. I propose that the psychological adaptations supporting cumulative cultural transmission are universal but are sufficiently flexible to support the acquisition of highly variable behavioral repertoires. This paper describes variation in the transmission practices (teaching) and acquisition strategies (imitation) that support cumulative cultural learning in childhood. Examining flexibility and variation in caregiver socialization and children's learning extends our understanding of evolution in living systems by providing insight into the psychological foundations of cumulative cultural transmission-the cornerstone of human cultural diversity.