Preliminary results suggest an influence of psychological and physiological stress in humans on horse heart rate and behavior
Preliminary results suggest an influence of psychological and physiological stress in humans on horse heart rate and behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jveb.2014.06.003
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
von Borstel, Uta Koenig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Merkies, Katrina;Sievers, Anja;von Borstel, Uta Koenig
当人们在马周围时，可能会不由自主地发出恐惧或痛苦的信号，解释马如何对这些信息做出反应是很重要的，特别是对于马周围的人的安全。还没有研究确定马是否能区分生理应激的人（例如，运动后）而不是心理上紧张（例如，害怕）。在4个处理中的每一个中，将圆形围栏中的马（N = 10）随机地置于存在固定的蒙眼人的情况下：（1）在马周围舒适的平静的人（CALM），（2）身体应激的人（PHYS;运动至70%最大心率[HR]），（3）心理应激的人（PSYCH;害怕马），或（4）没有人（对照）。人和马都配备了心率监测器。使用马和人类作为随机效应的混合模型记录和分析生理和行为观察结果（步态、头部相对于马肩隆的位置、与人类的距离和方向）。人类恐惧的增加与马HR的降低相关（P = 0.0156）。PSYCH组的马以较慢的步态移动（P < 0.0001），与CALM或对照组相比，PHYS和PSYCH组的马头位置较低（P < 0.0001）。人HR在PHYS中最高（P < 0.0001），并且在所有处理中随时间降低。当马背对时，人的HR增加（P = 0.0395）。总的来说，马在一个静止的恐惧或身体紧张的人面前比一个平静的人显得压力更小。因此，如果使用正常的安全预防措施，马在可怕的人面前，特别是当参与者在马周围可能不舒服时，不应该造成任何额外的风险。(C)2014爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
People may involuntarily emit fear or distress signals when around horses, and interpreting how horses respond to these messages is important, particularly for human safety around horses. No studies have been done to determine if horses can differentiate between humans who are physiologically stressed (e.g., after exercising) as opposed to psychologically stressed (e.g., afraid). Horses (N = 10) loose in a round pen were randomly subjected to the presence of a stationary blindfolded human in each of 4 treatments: (1) calm human comfortable around horses (CALM), (2) physically stressed human (PHYS; exercised to 70% maximum heart rate [HR]), (3) psychologically stressed human (PSYCH; afraid of horses), or (4) no human (CONTROL). Both humans and horses were equipped with an HR monitor. Physiological and behavioral observations (gait, head position relative to the withers, distance and orientation toward human) were recorded and analyzed using a mixed model with horse and human as random effects. Increasing human fearfulness was associated with a decrease in horse HR (P = 0.0156). Horses moved at a slower gait in PSYCH (P < 0.0001), and horse head position was lower during PHYS and PSYCH compared with CALM or CONTROL (P < 0.0001). Human HR was highest in PHYS (P < 0.0001) and decreased over time in all treatments. Human HR increased when the horse was facing away (P = 0.0395). Overall, horses appear less stressed in the presence of a stationary fearful or physically stressed human than a calm person. Thus, horses in the presence of fearful humans, particularly where participants may not be comfortable around horses, should not pose any additional risk provided normal safety precautions are used. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.