Bridging the great divide: State, civil society, and ‘participatory’ conservation mapping in a resource extraction zone
Bridging the great divide: State, civil society, and ‘participatory’ conservation mapping in a resource extraction zone
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弥合巨大鸿沟：国家、民间社会和资源开采区的“参与式”保护制图
DOI：
10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.016
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Timothy B. Norris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Timothy B. Norris
人们认识到，在土著社会中，参与性绘图技术充满了各种困境，包括权力分配不均、对各地划分的边界有不同的理解以及对人类与环境关系的认识论不可避免。与此同时，决策者和实践者认识到当地知识在规划和管理做法中的价值，包括对保护区的规划和管理的价值。考虑到这一困境，地理学家和应用人类学等相关领域的研究人员在过去几十年中在各种文化背景下测试了参与性和包容性制图技术。本文评估了参与性保护区划工作的成果，在矿产开采区科迪勒拉Huayhuash，在安第斯山脉中部秘鲁，并贡献了一个案例研究，这方面的工作。所使用的主要方法是建造一个人工“地理信息系统”，当地社区可以在透明醋酸纤维上绘制他们的分区愿景。工作评估的重点是流程的治理结果，而不是绘制的地图产品。调查结果证实，这种过程充满了先前研究中发现的困境，但分区项目也有助于通过对话建立信任，弥合国家和民间社会之间的巨大鸿沟。研究结果还表明，所选择的方法可以用来作为地面实况的工具，以确定准确性和完整性问题的地籍数据库保持的秘鲁政府。
It is recognized that participatory mapping techniques in the context of indigenous societies are fraught with dilemmas around the uneven distribution of power, differing understandings of boundaries drawn across the landscape, and incommensurable epistemologies of the human relationship with the environment. At the same time policy makers and practitioners recognize the value of local knowledge in planning and management practices, including for the planning and management of conservation areas. Mindful of this dilemma geographers and researchers in allied fields such as applied anthropology have tested participatory and inclusive mapping techniques across a variety of cultural contexts over the last several decades. This article evaluates the outcomes of a participatory conservation zoning exercise undertaken in a mineral extraction zone—the Cordillera Huayhuash—in the Andes of Central Peru and contributes a case study to this body of work. The principal method used was the construction of a manual ‘GIS’ upon which local communities could draw their zoning vision as an overlay on transparent acetate. The evaluation of the work focuses on the governance outcomes from the process rather than the map products that were drawn. The findings confirm that such processes are rife with the dilemmas identified in prior research, yet the zoning project also helped ‘bridge’ the great divide between the state and civil society by building trust through dialog. The findings also indicate that the chosen approach can be used as a ground truthing tool to identify accuracy and completeness problems in the cadastral database maintained by the government of Peru.