Good reasons to vaccinate: mandatory or payment for risk?
Good reasons to vaccinate: mandatory or payment for risk?
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DOI：
10.1136/medethics-2020-106821
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Savulescu J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Savulescu J
如果对公共健康的威胁严重、对安全性和有效性的信心较高、强制疫苗接种的预期效用大于其他替代方案、并且不遵守规定的处罚或成本相称，则强制疫苗接种（包括针对 COVID-19 的疫苗）在道德上是合理的。我描述了一种合理的强制疫苗接种算法。处罚或成本可能包括扣留福利、处以罚款、提供社区服务或丧失自由。我认为，在新型疫苗接种存在风险或感知风险的情况下，疫苗接种风险支付系统可能会更好。我为支付模式辩护，反对各种反对意见，包括它构成胁迫并破坏团结。我认为支付可以是现金或实物，并且可以通过向已接种疫苗的人提供将任何现金捐赠回卫生服务机构的机会来保留无私疫苗接种的机会。
Mandatory vaccination, including for COVID-19, can be ethically justified if the threat to public health is grave, the confidence in safety and effectiveness is high, the expected utility of mandatory vaccination is greater than the alternatives, and the penalties or costs for non-compliance are proportionate. I describe an algorithm for justified mandatory vaccination. Penalties or costs could include withholding of benefits, imposition of fines, provision of community service or loss of freedoms. I argue that under conditions of risk or perceived risk of a novel vaccination, a system of payment for risk in vaccination may be superior. I defend a payment model against various objections, including that it constitutes coercion and undermines solidarity. I argue that payment can be in cash or in kind, and opportunity for altruistic vaccinations can be preserved by offering people who have been vaccinated the opportunity to donate any cash payment back to the health service.
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DOI：
10.2307/3564182
发表时间：
1989-11-01
期刊：
IRB
影响因子：
--
作者：
Macklin, Ruth
通讯作者：
Macklin, Ruth
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Pierik, Roland
通讯作者：
Pierik, Roland
要接种疫苗的道德义务：功利主义，合同主义和集体轻松救援。
DOI：
10.1007/s11019-018-9829-y
发表时间：
2018-12
期刊：
Medicine, health care, and philosophy
影响因子：
--
作者：
Giubilini A;Douglas T;Savulescu J
通讯作者：
Savulescu J
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Anomaly, Jonathan;Savulescu, Julian
通讯作者：
Savulescu, Julian
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Flanigan, Jessica
通讯作者：
Flanigan, Jessica