Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of glutamatergic system
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of glutamatergic system
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DOI：
10.55782/ane-2007-1649
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Skangiel-Kramska, Jolanta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liguz-Lecznar, Monika;Skangiel-Kramska, Jolanta
谷氨酸是中枢神经系统（CNS）中主要的兴奋性神经递质，谷氨酸能传递对控制神经元活动至关重要。谷氨酸储存在突触囊泡中，并在刺激时释放。突触能系统的稳态是由存在于质膜和突触囊泡膜上的一组转运蛋白维持的。哺乳动物中的囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白家族由三种高度同源的蛋白质组成：VGLUT 1 -3。特定VGLUT的表达在很大程度上是互补的，重叠有限，到目前为止，它们是使用谷氨酸作为神经递质的神经元的最特异性标志物。VGLUT在发育过程中受到调节，并决定了多巴胺能神经元的功能不同群体。控制这些蛋白质的活性可以潜在地调节兴奋性神经传递的效率。本文综述了囊泡谷氨酸转运体的分子和功能特性、囊泡谷氨酸转运体的发育、囊泡谷氨酸转运体在突触可塑性中的作用以及囊泡谷氨酸转运体在神经系统病理中的作用。
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and glutamatergic transmission is critical for controlling neuronal activity. Glutamate is stored in synaptic vesicles and released upon stimulation. The homeostasis of glutamatergic system is maintained by a set of transporters present in plasma membrane and in the membrane of synaptic vesicles. The family of vesicular glutamate transporters in mammals is comprised of three highly homologous proteins: VGLUT1-3. The expression of particular VGLUTs is largely complementary with limited overlap and so far they are most specific markers for neurons that use glutamate as neurotransmitter. VGLUTs are regulated developmentally and determine functionally distinct populations of glutamatergic neurons. Controlling the activity of these proteins could potentially modulate the efficiency of excitatory neurotransmission. This review summarizes the recent knowledge concerning molecular and functional characteristic of vesicular glutamate transporters, their development, contribution to synaptic plasticity and their involvement in pathology of the nervous system.