Vegetational history of Carbury Bog (Co. Kildare, Ireland) during the last 850 years and a test of the temperature indicator value of 2H/1H measurements of peat samples in relation to historical sources and meteorological data
Vegetational history of Carbury Bog (Co. Kildare, Ireland) during the last 850 years and a test of the temperature indicator value of 2H/1H measurements of peat samples in relation to historical sources and meteorological data
复制标题
卡伯里沼泽（爱尔兰基尔代尔郡）过去 850 年的植被历史以及泥炭样品 2H/1H 测量温度指标值与历史来源和气象数据的关系测试
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb04208.x
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
A. A. Middeldorp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Geel;A. A. Middeldorp
总结
对爱尔兰基尔代尔的卡伯里沼泽上部128 cm的连续样品进行的孢粉学研究表明，在最后一个世纪，人类对植被的影响波动。850年。在C时期。公元1130-1440年，卡伯里沼泽周围的景观仍然以森林为主。在世纪后半叶，森林面积大幅减少，反映在花粉图中。世纪对森林的商业开发导致了几乎完全的森林砍伐。18世纪植被的花粉记录显示，由于种植这些树木，松树、白蜡树和水青冈树的曲线上升。
除花粉外，还有许多其他的孢粉形植物（“类型”，a.o.真菌孢子和根足类）。类型的光谱似乎是可比的大陆提出沼泽的类型谱。宏体化石分析的结果结合某些类型的指示值，被用于详细重建当地植被演替和水文营养条件的变化。在中世纪晚期，泥炭藓的消失可能是由于人类对沼泽周围环境的影响导致灰尘流入增加。S. Magellanicum作为泥炭形成物种可能是硝酸盐大气沉积增加的影响。
在分析微型和大型化石的同时，还分析了来自同一块体的一系列样品的稳定同位素2 H和1H的比例。从理论上讲，泥炭形成植物纤维素中的2 H/1H比值应该是古温度的指示，但是，除了依赖于温度的信号之外，这个比值还与不同泥炭形成物种的同位素行为的具体特征密切相关。总体分馏是气候和植物生理参数的复杂函数。
在本研究中，2 H/1H测量的结果进行了比较与兰姆的古气候数据来自历史来源和气象。卡伯里沼泽的2 H/1H比值似乎与中世纪气候最佳时期、小冰期和随后的气候变暖阶段呈负相关。2 H/1H比值与泥炭形成类群的局部演替有明显的关系，因此，与当地的水文和营养条件密切相关。本研究表明，泥炭样品的2 H/1H比值中的气候信号完全由植物光谱的直接影响所主导。此外，在不同的气候时期的生长季节的持续时间的变化可能有相当大的影响的2 H/1H比的泥炭形成的植物。
SUMMARY
A palynological study of contiguous samples of the upper 128 cm of Carbury Bog, Co. Kildare, Ireland, showed details of the fluctuating human impact on the vegetation during the last c. 850 years. During the period of c. 1130–1440 A.D. the landscape around Carbury Bog was still dominated by forest. During the second half of the 15th century there was a considerable reduction of the forested area, reflected in the pollen diagram. The commercial exploitation of the forest during the 17th century resulted in almost complete deforestation. The pollen records for the 18th century vegetation show a rise in the curves of Pinus, Fraxinus and Fagus as a consequence of planting of these trees.
Apart from pollen many other palynomorphs (‘Types’, a.o. fungal spores and rhizopods) were recorded. The spectrum of Types appeared to be comparable with the Type spectrum of continental raised bogs. The results of the macrofossil analysis in combination with the indicator values of some Types were used in a detailed reconstruction of the local vegetation succession and the changes in hydrological and trophic conditions. The disappearance of Sphagnum imbricatum during the late medieval period possibly was caused by the increased influx of dust, as a consequence of man's impact on the environment around the bog. The recent importance of S. magellanicum as a peat forming species is possibly the effect of an increased atmospheric deposition of nitrate.
Parallel to the analysis of micro- and macrofossils a sample series from the same monolith was analysed for the ratio of the stable isotopes 2H and 1H. Theoretically the 2H/1H ratio in cellulose of peat-forming plants should be indicative for palaeotemperatures, but, apart from a temperature dependent signal, this ratio is also strongly related to specific characteristics in the isotopic behaviour of different peat forming species. The overall fractionation is a complex function of climatic and plant-physiological parameters.
In the present study the results of the 2H/1H measurements were compared with Lamb's palaeoclimatic data derived from historical sources and meteorology. The 2H/1H ratios of Carbury Bog appeared to be negatively correlated with the medieval climatic optimum, the Little Ice Age and the subsequent phase of warming climate. There is an obvious relationship between the 2H/1H ratio and the local succession of peat forming taxa and, as a consequence, with strictly local hydrological and trophic conditions. The present study shows that a climatic signal in the 2H/1H ratio of peat samples is completely dominated by the direct effects of the spectrum of plants. In addition, the variation in the duration of the growing season in different climatic periods may have had a considerable influence on the 2H/1H ratio of the peat-forming plants.