Neural circuits controlling diaphragm function in the cat revealed by transneuronal tracing
Neural circuits controlling diaphragm function in the cat revealed by transneuronal tracing
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DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.91125.2008
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Yates, Bill J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lois, James H.;Rice, Cory D.;Yates, Bill J.
路易斯·JH、赖斯·CD、耶茨·BJ。通过跨神经元追踪揭示控制猫膈肌功能的神经回路。 J Appl Physiol 106: 138-152, 2009。首次发表于 2008 年 10 月 30 日； doi: 10.1152/japplphyol.91125.2008.-尽管许多研究已经考虑了调节膈肌活动的神经回路，但这些通路尚未得到充分识别，特别是在猫等在各种不同行为和运动期间利用呼吸肌的动物中。本研究利用狂犬病病毒的逆行跨神经元转运来鉴定控制猫科动物隔膜功能的扩展神经通路。在所有被认为成功将狂犬病病毒注射到膈肌的动物中，C-4-C-6 脊髓节段中的大的推测运动神经元被感染。此外，在整个颈椎和上胸脊髓的双侧标记了较小的假定中间神经元。在短期和中期生存病例中，受感染的中间神经元集中在膈运动神经元附近，而在晚期生存病例中，标记的分布更为广泛。在脑干内，最早感染的神经元包括位于经典定义的脑桥和髓质呼吸群、内侧和外侧髓质网状结构、紧邻三叉神经脊髓核腹侧的区域、中缝苍白核和暗纹以及前庭核的神经元。在较长的存活时间中，感染出现在中脑，集中在导水管周围灰质的外侧部分、包含运动中心的被盖区域和红核。小脑顶核、下丘脑后部和外侧部分以及已知含有下丘脑分泌素的神经元和大脑皮层前十字回的福雷尔邻近区域也存在大量标记。这些数据提出了几种平行通路参与调节猫膈肌活动的可能性，这强调了该物种呼吸肌的多功能性质。
Lois JH, Rice CD, Yates BJ. Neural circuits controlling diaphragm function in the cat revealed by transneuronal tracing. J Appl Physiol 106: 138-152, 2009. First published October 30, 2008; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91125.2008.-Although a number of studies have considered the neural circuitry that regulates diaphragm activity, these pathways have not been adequately discerned, particularly in animals such as cats that utilize the respiratory muscles during a variety of different behaviors and movements. The present study employed the retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify the extended neural pathways that control diaphragm function in felines. In all animals deemed to have successful rabies virus injections into the diaphragm, large, presumed motoneurons were infected in the C-4-C-6 spinal segments. In addition, smaller presumed interneurons were labeled bilaterally throughout the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. While in short and intermediate survival cases, infected interneurons were concentrated in the vicinity of phrenic motoneurons, in late survival cases, the distribution of labeling was more expansive. Within the brain stem, the earliest infected neurons included those located in the classically defined pontine and medullary respiratory groups, the medial and lateral medullary reticular formation, the region immediately ventral to the spinal trigeminal nucleus, raphe pallidus and obscurus, and the vestibular nuclei. At longer survival times, infection appeared in the midbrain, which was concentrated in the lateral portion of the periaqueductal gray, the region of the tegmentum that contains the locomotion center, and the red nucleus. Considerable labeling was also present in the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum, portions of the posterior and lateral hypothalamus and the adjacent fields of Forel known to contain hypocretin-containing neurons and the precruciate gyrus of cerebral cortex. These data raise the possibility that several parallel pathways participate in regulating the activity of the feline diaphragm, which underscores the multifunctional nature of the respiratory muscles in this species.