The right not to know: an autonomy based approach
The right not to know: an autonomy based approach
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DOI：
10.1136/jme.2002.001578
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Andorno, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andorno, R
新兴的国际生物医学法倾向于承认不知道自己基因状况的权利。然而，国内法中行使这一权利的基础和条件仍不明确。除此之外，这种权利在理论上受到批评，因为它与病人的自主权、医生告知病人的义务以及与家庭成员的团结相矛盾。这种情况尤其发生在不披露可能对病人亲属造成严重伤害的情况下，如果没有这些重要信息，病人亲属可能无法采取预防或治疗措施。本文认为，首先，个人可能有一个合法的利益，不知道他们的基因组成，以避免严重的心理后果;其次，这种利益，远远不是违反自主性，可能构成一个自主性的增强;第三，不知情权不能被推定，而必须由个人的明确选择“激活”，这不是一项绝对的权利，因为在为了避免对第三方造成严重伤害的风险而必须向病人披露时，这项权利可能受到限制。
The emerging international biomedical law tends to recognise the right not to know one's genetic status. However, the basis and conditions for the exercise of this right remain unclear in domestic laws. In addition to this, such a right has been criticised at the theoretical level as being in contradiction with patient's autonomy, with doctors' duty to inform patients, and with solidarity with family members. This happens especially when nondisclosure poses a risk of serious harm to the patient's relatives who, without that vital information, could be deprived of preventive or therapeutic measures. This paper argues, firstly, that individuals may have a legitimate interest in not knowing their genetic make up to avoid serious psychological consequences; secondly, that this interest, far from being contrary to autonomy, may constitute an enhancement of autonomy; thirdly, that the right not to know cannot be presumed, but must be "activated" by the individual's explicit choice, and fourthly, that this is not an absolute right, in the sense that it may be restricted when disclosure to the patient is necessary in order to avoid a risk of serious harm to third persons.