Cognitive-affective neural plasticity following active-controlled mindfulness intervention.
Cognitive-affective neural plasticity following active-controlled mindfulness intervention.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2957-12.2012
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发表时间：
2012-10-31
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Roepstorff A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allen M;Dietz M;Blair KS;van Beek M;Rees G;Vestergaard-Poulsen P;Lutz A;Roepstorff A
正念冥想是一套以注意力为基础的，调节和自我探究的训练制度。虽然正念冥想训练（MT）对自我调节的影响已经得到了很好的证实，但支持这种可塑性的神经机制却知之甚少。MT被认为是通过内感受显著性和注意力控制机制来作用于注意力，但到目前为止，来自行为和神经测量的相互矛盾的证据使得难以区分这些机制的作用。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了一项为期6周的MT完全随机纵向试验，明确控制了认知和治疗效果与积极的对照组。我们测量行为元认知和全脑血氧水平依赖（BOLD）的信号，使用功能性磁共振成像在干预前后的情感Stroop任务。虽然两组都在反应抑制任务上有显着改善，但只有MT组表现出情感Stroop冲突减少。此外，MT组在执行过程中表现出更大的背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）反应，这与自上而下解决冲突的机制的增加相一致。相比之下，我们没有观察到整体组的时间互动的负面影响相关的RT或BOLD反应。然而，只有最大量的MT实践的参与者表现出反应抑制的改善和增加招聘的背前扣带皮层（dACC），内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC），和右前额叶在负价处理。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调了主动控制在MT研究中的重要性，并指出了正念训练渐进阶段的独特神经机制。
Mindfulness meditation is a set of attention-based, regulatory and self-inquiry training regimes. Although the impact of mindfulness meditation training (MT) on self-regulation is well established, the neural mechanisms supporting such plasticity are poorly understood. MT is thought to act on attention through interoceptive salience and attentional control mechanisms, but until now conflicting evidence from behavioral and neural measures has made it difficult to distinguish the role of these mechanisms. To resolve this question we conducted a fully randomized 6-week longitudinal trial of MT, explicitly controlling for cognitive and treatment effects with an active control group. We measured behavioral metacognition and whole-brain Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signals using functional MRI during an affective Stroop task before and after intervention. Although both groups improved significantly on a response-inhibition task, only the MT group showed reduced affective Stroop conflict. Moreover, the MT group displayed greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) responses during executive processing, consistent with increased recruitment of top-down mechanisms to resolve conflict. In contrast, we did not observe overall group by time interactions on negative affect-related RTs or BOLD responses. However, only participants with the greatest amount of MT practice showed improvements in response-inhibition and increased recruitment of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and right anterior insula during negative valence processing. Collectively our findings highlight the importance of active control in MT research, and indicate unique neural mechanisms for progressive stages of mindfulness training.