Biomorphodynamics: Physical‐biological feedbacks that shape landscapes
Biomorphodynamics: Physical‐biological feedbacks that shape landscapes
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DOI：
10.1029/2007wr006410
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发表时间：
2008-11
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
A. Murray;M. Knaapen;M. Tal;M. Kirwan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Murray;M. Knaapen;M. Tal;M. Kirwan
植物和动物影响许多环境中的形态进化。“生态地貌学”一词描述了解决这些影响的研究。在这篇观点文章中，我们使用术语“生物形态动力学”来描述生态地貌研究的一个子集：那些不仅研究生物对物理过程和形态的影响，而且研究生物过程如何依赖于形态和物理强迫的研究。双向耦合沉淀物反馈，导致有趣的行为模式，就像水流/泥沙输运和形态之间的耦合导致丰富的形态动力学行为。选择的例子说明了如何即使是一些系统的基本方面不能理解不考虑生物形态动力学耦合。突出的例子包括植被和水流/沉积物输运之间的动态相互作用，可以确定河流的渠道模式和多方面的生物形态动力学反馈塑造潮汐沼泽和渠道网络。这些例子表明，形态和物理过程对生物学的影响往往在形态模式进化的时间尺度上起作用。因此，在实地研究中，代表了模式演变的快照，这些影响往往不像生物学对物理过程的影响那么明显。然而，数值模拟表明，物理过程对生物的影响可以在塑造景观中发挥关键作用，即使是局部和暂时的植被干扰也可以引导大规模的长期景观演变。近年来，受社会需求和生态学和地貌学中复杂系统建模方法的影响，生物形态动力学研究的流行正在蓬勃发展。为了在理解许多景观的动态方面取得根本性进展，我们的社区需要越来越多地学习寻找双向的生物形态动力学反馈，并收集新类型的数据来支持这种新兴相互作用的建模。
Plants and animals affect morphological evolution in many environments. The term “ecogeomorphology” describes studies that address such effects. In this opinion article we use the term “biomorphodynamics” to characterize a subset of ecogeomorphologic studies: those that investigate not only the effects of organisms on physical processes and morphology but also how the biological processes depend on morphology and physical forcing. The two‐way coupling precipitates feedbacks, leading to interesting modes of behavior, much like the coupling between flow/sediment transport and morphology leads to rich morphodynamic behaviors. Select examples illustrate how even the basic aspects of some systems cannot be understood without considering biomorphodynamic coupling. Prominent examples include the dynamic interactions between vegetation and flow/sediment transport that can determine river channel patterns and the multifaceted biomorphodynamic feedbacks shaping tidal marshes and channel networks. These examples suggest that the effects of morphology and physical processes on biology tend to operate over the timescale of the evolution of the morphological pattern. Thus, in field studies, which represent a snapshot in the pattern evolution, these effects are often not as obvious as the effects of biology on physical processes. However, numerical modeling indicates that the influences on biology from physical processes can play a key role in shaping landscapes and that even local and temporary vegetation disturbances can steer large‐scale, long‐term landscape evolution. The prevalence of biomorphodynamic research is burgeoning in recent years, driven by societal need and a confluence of complex systems–inspired modeling approaches in ecology and geomorphology. To make fundamental progress in understanding the dynamics of many landscapes, our community needs to increasingly learn to look for two‐way, biomorphodynamic feedbacks and to collect new types of data to support the modeling of such emergent interactions.