Biodiversity loss in deforestation frontiers: Linking occupancy modelling and physiological stress indicators to understand local extinctions
Biodiversity loss in deforestation frontiers: Linking occupancy modelling and physiological stress indicators to understand local extinctions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.050
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Asunción Semper-Pascual;Julieta Decarre;Matthias Baumann;J. M. Busso;M. Camino;B. Gómez-Valencia;T. Kuemmerle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asunción Semper-Pascual;Julieta Decarre;Matthias Baumann;J. M. Busso;M. Camino;B. Gómez-Valencia;T. Kuemmerle
热带森林砍伐是全球生物多样性危机的主要驱动因素。影响评估通常关注物种的存在，这意味着当局部物种灭绝发生时才会检测到影响——因此当为时已晚时。在这里，我们率先将两种方法结合使用，可以在人口水平（使用占用模型）和个人水平（使用压力激素指标）上更早地检测森林砍伐的影响。我们在阿根廷查科的有领Pecari tajacu （Pecari tajacu）身上测试了这种方法，这是全球森林砍伐的热点。我们使用相机陷阱数据来模拟pecary占用与林地覆盖和损失的关系，并测量pecary粪便中的糖皮质激素代谢物来评估毁林地区个体的应激水平。森林覆盖率高的偏远地区，植被占用率最高，其他地区则较低。在最近广泛砍伐森林的地区，通常没有物种。在有鱼类存在的地方，生理压力与农田和森林之间的边缘范围（食物供应的代理）相关，而与森林砍伐无关。这一点，以及随着森林砍伐的进展，物种迅速消失的观察表明，物种不能很好地适应森林砍伐前沿的新条件。在保护管理方面，我们的研究结果支持了保护大片连续林地的重要性，以防止大型哺乳动物在森林砍伐的前沿灭绝。更广泛地说，我们展示了如何结合应激激素指标和占用模型可以深入了解动态景观中潜在的局部灭绝过程。
Tropical deforestation is a main driver of the global biodiversity crisis. Impact assessments typically focus on species' presence, which means impacts are detected when local extinctions have occurred – and thus when it is too late. Here, we pioneer the combined use of two approaches that can detect deforestation impacts earlier, at the level of populations (using occupancy modelling) and at the level of individuals (using stress hormonal indicators). We tested this approach for the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) in the Argentine Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot. We used camera-trap data to model peccary occupancy in relation to woodland cover and loss, and measured glucocorticoid metabolites in peccary feces to assess individuals' stress level in deforestation areas. We found that peccary occupancy was highest in remote areas with high woodland cover, but low otherwise. Peccaries were typically absent from areas where deforestation had been widespread recently. Where peccaries were present, physiological stress was correlated with the extent of edge between cropland and forest (a proxy for food availability), and not with deforestation. This, and the observation that peccaries disappear quickly as deforestation progresses, suggests that peccaries do not adapt well to the new conditions in deforestation frontiers. In terms of conservation management, our results underpin the importance of protecting large, contiguous woodland blocks to prevent large mammals from going extinct in deforestation frontiers. More broadly, we show how combining stress hormonal indicators and occupancy modelling can provide deep insights into processes underlying local extinctions in dynamic landscapes.