Women's economic status and sexual negotiation: re-evaluation of the 'normative precedent' in Tanzania
Women's economic status and sexual negotiation: re-evaluation of the 'normative precedent' in Tanzania
复制标题
妇女的经济地位和性谈判：重新评估坦桑尼亚的“规范先例”
DOI：
10.1080/13691058.2019.1652933
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vyas S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vyas S
妇女就性关系的条件和环境进行谈判的能力，对于她们的性健康和生殖健康，包括减少艾滋病毒风险至关重要。在非洲，基于性别的权力不平衡限制了妇女的性行为能力。研究表明，在撒哈拉以南非洲国家，如乌干达和尼日利亚的夫妇中，性决策是由一套赋予男子性权威的规则和做法形式的“规范先例”定义的。本研究利用从事有偿工作的妇女和男子的定性数据，探讨了坦桑尼亚的人际关系和性谈判。在达累斯萨拉姆和姆贝亚两个地点收集了数据。性决策的规范性先例被男人和女人普遍理解。妇女并不认为有报酬的工作会使她们在性方面有更大的讨价还价能力。在艾滋病毒高发地区姆贝亚，一些妇女认为，拒绝性生活会鼓励男子拥有更多的性伴侣，从而增加他们感染艾滋病毒的可能性。然而，其他妇女认为，对男子行为的怀疑加上对艾滋病毒的准确了解，为妇女拒绝性行为提供了有利条件。在这两个地点，对规范先例的挑战是显而易见的，特别是在年轻男子中。男性和女性都表示在性决策方面更倾向于平等。
Women's ability to negotiate the conditions and circumstances of sexual relations is central to their sexual and reproductive health, including mitigating HIV risk. In Africa, gender-based power imbalances constrain women's sexual agency. Research has suggested that among couples in sub-Saharan African countries, such as Uganda and Nigeria, sexual decision making is defined by a ‘normative precedent’ in the form of a set of rules and practices conferring sexual authority on men. Using qualitative data among women in paid work and among men, this study explored interpersonal relations and sexual negotiation in Tanzania. Data were collected in two sites, Dar es Salaam and Mbeya. The normative precedent for sexual decision making was universally understood by men and women. Women did not perceive paid work as giving them greater bargaining power in the domain of sex. In Mbeya, a high-HIV area, some women perceived that refusing sex would encourage men to have additional sexual partners, thus increasing their susceptibility to HIV. Other women, however, believed that suspicions about men's behaviour combined with accurate HIV knowledge, provided leverage for women to refuse sex. In both sites, challenges to the normative precedent were evident, particularly among younger men. Both men and women expressed a preference for equality in sexual decision making.