Estrogen content of dairy and swine wastes.
Estrogen content of dairy and swine wastes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es0353208
复制
发表时间：
2004-05
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
D. R. Raman;E. L. Williams;A. Layton;R. Burns;James P. Easter;Adam S. Daugherty;M. D. Mullen;G. Say
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. R. Raman;E. L. Williams;A. Layton;R. Burns;James P. Easter;Adam S. Daugherty;M. D. Mullen;G. Say
动物废物中天然存在的雌激素可能会对环境造成负面影响，但动物废物处理和储存结构中的丰富雌激素却鲜有记录。为了更好地量化动物废物中的雌激素浓度，从奶牛场和养猪场的处理和储存结构中收集了多个废物样品，并通过气相色谱-质谱法和酶联免疫吸附测定（仅 E2）分析 17β-雌二醇 (E2)、雌酮 (E1) 和 17α-雌二醇的浓度。还测定了每种雌激素与大量营养素氮、磷和钾的质量比。由于粪肥施用量通常以常量营养素为基础，因此雌激素与常量营养素的比例与田间雌激素的面积施用量成正比。猪产仔废物（来自产仔母猪和仔猪）的 E2 与大量营养素的比例最高。猪产仔废物中的平均比例大约是猪育肥废物（来自生长中的雄性和非怀孕雌性动物）的两倍，是乳品废物（来自生殖周期不同阶段的泌乳牛）的四倍多；这些差异具有统计显着性（alpha = 0.05）。雌酮也遵循类似的趋势。相比之下，17α-雌二醇与常量营养素的比率在乳制品经营中最高。这些结果可用于更好地预测接收猪和乳制品废物的田地的雌激素负荷率。
Naturally occurring estrogens in animal wastes may cause negative environmental impacts, yet their abundance in animal waste treatment and storage structures is poorly documented. To better quantify estrogen concentrations in animal wastes, multiple waste samples were collected from treatment and storage structures at dairy and swine facilities and analyzed for concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17alpha-estradiol by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (E2 only). Mass ratios of each estrogen to the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also determined. Because manure application rates are typically macronutrient-based, estrogen to macronutrient ratios are proportional to areal mass application rates of estrogen to fields. Swine farrowing waste (from farrowing sows and piglets) had the highest ratios of E2 to macronutrients. Mean ratios in swine farrowing waste were roughly twice those in swine finishing waste (from growing male and nonpregnant female animals) and more than four times higher than those in dairy waste (from lactating cows in various stages of their reproductive cycles); these differences were statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). Estrone followed a similar trend. In contrast, ratios of 17alpha-estradiol to macronutrients were highest in dairy operations. These results can be used to better predict estrogen loading rates on fields receiving swine and dairy wastes.