Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Disability Prevalence
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Disability Prevalence
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DOI：
10.1007/s40615-015-0182-z
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sambamoorthi, Usha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goyat, Rashmi;Vyas, Ami;Sambamoorthi, Usha
在世界范围内，残疾人的数量被用作人口健康状况的标志，因为与残疾相关的发病率和死亡率很高。目前研究的主要目标是使用2012年NHIS残疾补充，并在控制了一系列综合因素后，使用世界卫生组织的国际功能分类，残疾，与健康（WHO-ICF）。方法回顾性交叉-本研究采用分段研究设计，数据来自2012年国民健康访问调查（NHIS）的7993名21岁以上的个体。残疾的定义是基于2012年NHIS“功能和残疾”补充中与移动性、自我护理和认知相关的一组标准问题。卡方检验和多项逻辑回归进行检查种族/民族和disability.Results之间的关联有统计学意义的种族/民族差异的残疾状态; 10.2%的非西班牙裔白人，14.8%的非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人，8.1%的拉丁美洲人，和6.7%的其他少数民族有严重的残疾。在未校正的模型中，非西班牙裔非裔美国人比非西班牙裔白人更有可能患有重度残疾（OR = 1.56，95% CI = 1.24，1.95），拉丁裔患重度残疾的可能性较小（OR = 0.70，95% CI = 0.55，0.90）。调整后的社会经济地位.Conclusion的研究结果突出了社会经济特征的作用，在减少非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人之间的残疾差距之间的非西班牙裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人的残疾状况没有差异。由于SES可以通过生物，心理，生活方式，环境，社会和邻里因素的复杂相互作用来影响健康，因此需要采取多管齐下的方法，重点关注残疾的初级，二级和区域预防。
Purpose Worldwide, the number of disabled individuals is used as a marker for population health status because of high morbidity and mortality burden associated with disability. The primary objective of the current study is to use the 2012 NHIS disability supplement and examine racial/ethnic disparities in disability after controlling for a comprehensive list of factors, using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (WHO-ICF).Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design with data from 7993 individuals aged above 21 years from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was adopted. Disability was defined based on a standard set of questions related to mobility, self-care, and cognition from the "Functioning and Disability" supplement of 2012 NHIS. Chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association between race/ethnicity and disability.Results There were statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in disability status; 10.2 % non-Hispanic whites, 14.8 % non-Hispanic African Americans, 8.1 % Latino, and 6.7 % other racial minorities had severe disability. Non-Hispanic African Americans were more likely to have severe disability than were non-Hispanic whites (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI = 1.24, 1.95), and Latinos were less likely to have severe disability (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.55, 0.90) in the unadjusted model. There was no difference in disability status among non-Hispanic African Americans and non-Hispanic whites after adjusting for socio-economic status.Conclusion The study findings highlighted the role of socioeconomic characteristics in reducing disparities in disability between non-Hispanic African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. As SES can affect health through a complex interaction of biological, psychological, lifestyle, environmental, social, and neighborhood factors, a multipronged approach that focuses on primary, secondary, and territory prevention of disability is needed.