Age differences in strategic behavior during a computation-based skill acquisition task.
Age differences in strategic behavior during a computation-based skill acquisition task.
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基于计算的技能获取任务期间策略行为的年龄差异。
DOI：
10.1037/a0015966
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hertzog,Christopher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Touron,DaynaR;Hertzog,Christopher
作者评估了在技能获得过程中策略转变的年龄差异的机械和元认知解释。老年和年轻的参与者接受了一项任务的培训，该任务涉及从执行一种新的算术算法到通过对方程解配对的关联识别做出反应的转变。策略转变是由任务指令操纵的，任务指令要么（a）同样注重速度和准确性，（B）鼓励检索使用作为快速响应的方法，或（c）提供快速检索为基础的性能的金钱激励。相对于标准指令，货币激励产生了更快的转向检索;老年人对检索使用的激励效果比年轻人更大。金钱激励鼓励检索使用和响应时间的改善，尽管准确性成本（速度-准确性权衡）。结果表明，元认知和意志因素在提取转移中的作用，表明联想学习缺陷不能完全解释老年人延迟的策略转移。
The authors evaluated mechanistic and metacognitive accounts of age differences in strategy transitions during skill acquisition. Old and young participants were trained on a task involving a shift from performing a novel arithmetic algorithm to responding via associative recognition of equation–solution pairings. The strategy shift was manipulated by task instructions that either (a) equally focused on speed and accuracy,(b) encouraged retrieval use as a method toward fast responding, or (c) offered monetary incentives for fast retrieval-based performance. Monetary incentives produced a more rapid shift to retrieval relative to standard instructions; older adults showed a greater incentives effect on retrieval use than younger adults. Monetary incentives encouraged retrieval use and response time improvements despite accuracy costs (a speed–accuracy tradeoff). The pattern of results suggested a role of metacognitive and volitional factors in retrieval shift, indicating that an associative learning deficit cannot fully account for older adults’ delayed strategy shift.