SMALL-SCALE HYDRODYNAMICS IN LAKES
SMALL-SCALE HYDRODYNAMICS IN LAKES
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161220
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发表时间：
2003-11
影响因子：
27.7
通讯作者：
A. Wüest;A. Lorke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wüest;A. Lorke
最近的小尺度湍流观测允许在湖泊，水库，和其他封闭的盆地的混合制度被归类为湍流的表面和底部边界层，以及平静的内部。表面层由一个充满活力的波影响的薄区在最顶部和一个法律的壁层下面，其中的经典湍流层的特征平均适用。然而，短期电流和耗散曲线强烈偏离任何稳定状态。相比之下，准稳定的底部边界层的行为几乎完美的对数层，虽然周期性seiching修改的结构的细节。内部分层湍流是非常弱的，即使大部分的机械能包含在斜压盆地尺度的假潮和开尔文波或惯性流（大型湖泊）。大尺度运动向湍流的转化主要发生在底部边界而不是内部，在那里局部切变仍然很弱，Richardson数通常很大。
Recent small-scale turbulence observations allow the mixing regimes in lakes, reservoirs, and other enclosed basins to be categorized into the turbulent surface and bottom boundary layers as well as the comparably quiet interior. The surface layer consists of an energetic wave-affected thin zone at the very top and a law-of-the-wall layer right below, where the classical logarithmic-layer characteristic applies on average. Short-term current and dissipation profiles, however, deviate strongly from any steady state. In contrast, the quasi-steady bottom boundary layer behaves almost perfectly as a logarithmic layer, although periodic seiching modifies the structure in the details. The interior stratified turbulence is extremely weak, even though much of the mechanical energy is contained in baroclinic basin-scale seiching and Kelvin waves or inertial currents (large lakes). The transformation of large-scale motions to turbulence occurs mainly in the bottom boundary and not in the interior, where the local shear remains weak and the Richardson numbers are generally large.