Multi-year monitoring of Canadian grains and grain-based foods for trichothecenes and zearalenone.
Multi-year monitoring of Canadian grains and grain-based foods for trichothecenes and zearalenone.
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对加拿大谷物和谷物食品中的单端孢霉烯族化合物和玉米赤霉烯酮进行多年监测。
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发表时间：
1997
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通讯作者：
P. Scott
中科院分区：
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作者：
P. Scott
自1980年以来，卫生保护分支每年都对加拿大谷物和食品进行脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON，呕吐毒素）监测，当时在安大略软质小麦中首次发现（在1979年和1980年的作物中）。这种小麦作物的污染情况各不相同，除1年外，所有年份的发病率均为22 - 100%，阳性样本的年平均值高达0.75微克/克。加拿大对DON的指导方针是2微克/克未清洗的软质小麦。加拿大西部硬小麦在7个作物年度的DON发病率<10%，但在其他10年分析的样品中有11 - 43%呈阳性。小麦食品，包括进口食品，在阳性样本中的年平均水平为0.07 - 0.58微克/克，发病率为9 - 90%。观察到安大略玉米的持续高污染（年发生率为13 - 100%，阳性年平均值为0.16 - 1.4微克/克）。在加拿大的谷物中很少发现其他的腐霉烯，即雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和HT-2毒素。对加拿大和进口啤酒的新分析显示，DON水平较低（ng/ml）。从1986年至1993年，对用于食用的谷物和玉米食品进行了玉米赤霉烯酮分析。受污染最严重的作物是安大略;阳性样本的年平均水平为23至215纳克/克。在小麦、大麦和大豆中很少检测到玉米赤霉烯酮（<75纳克/克）。
Monitoring of Canadian grain crops and foods by the Health Protection Branch for deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) has been undertaken every year since 1980, when it was found in Ontario soft wheat for the first time (in the 1979 and 1980 crops). Contamination of this wheat crop has varied, with 22-100% incidences in all but 1 year and up to 0.75 micrograms/g for the annual means of positive samples. The Canadian guideline for DON is 2 micrograms/g in uncleaned soft wheat. Western Canadian hard wheat had < 10% incidence of DON in 7 crop years but 11-43% of samples analysed in 10 other years were positive. Wheat foods, including imports, have shown 9-90% incidences with annual mean levels of 0.07-0.58 micrograms/g in positive samples. Consistently high contamination of Ontario corn has been observed (13-100% annual incidences and annual means of positives 0.16-1.4 micrograms/g). Other trichothecenes, namely nivalenol and HT-2 toxin, have been found infrequently in Canadian grains. New analyses of Canadian and imported beers showed low ng/ml levels of DON. Grains destined for food use and corn foods have been analysed for zearalenone from 1986 to 1993. The most contaminated crop was Ontario; annual mean levels in positive samples ranged from 23 to 215 ng/g. Zearalenone has been detected infrequently in wheat, barley and soybeans (< 75 ng/g).