The "Boyfriend Loophole" and Intimate Partner Homicides: A Longitudinal Analysis Using the National Violent Death Reporting System.
The "Boyfriend Loophole" and Intimate Partner Homicides: A Longitudinal Analysis Using the National Violent Death Reporting System.
复制标题
“男朋友漏洞”和亲密伴侣凶杀案：利用国家暴力死亡报告系统进行的纵向分析。
DOI：
10.1007/s10935-022-00699-8
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Peek-Asa,Corinne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rochford,HannahI;Berg,Mark;Peek-Asa,Corinne
亲密伴侣杀人案往往发生在暴力关系的背景下，而枪支往往会导致致命后果。因此，已实施政策，减少有亲密伴侣暴力史或暴力倾向的个人获得枪支的机会。然而，这种国家级枪支保护法的制定和实施有相当大的差异。一些州未能将与IPV相关的枪支保护扩大到约会伴侣，造成了在其他地方被称为“男友漏洞”的情况，或者这里将被称为“伴侣漏洞”的情况。这项分析的目的是检查国家暴力死亡报告系统(NVDRS)数据的趋势，以评估与国家合作伙伴漏洞有关的未婚受害者之间的IPHS关系。国家政策被抽象出来，以找出合作伙伴的漏洞。使用滞后的政策变量、年固定效应、稳健的标准误差和按州聚集的误差，建立了一系列负二项广义估计方程。模型研究结果表明，更多的枪支使用与未婚IPH受害者的更高比率有关，然而，伴侣漏洞的存在与未婚受害者的IPH发生率之间的关联因种族分组而异。然而，在白人未婚受害者中发现了与封闭的伴侣漏洞的显著保护性关系，而在有色人种受害者中则没有。这里考虑的合作伙伴漏洞政策，以及其他与知识产权和/或枪支相关的个别政策可能是保护的一个重要组成部分，然而，我们的调查结果表明，它们不足以独立地公平地减轻知识产权的负担。继续编写公共卫生和政策评估文献，对于迈向公平保护的政策格局和文化环境至关重要。
Intimate partner homicides (IPHs) often occur in the context of violent relationships, and firearms often facilitate lethal outcomes. Accordingly, policies have been implemented to reduce firearm access among individuals with histories of intimate partner violence (IPV) or violent propensities. There is considerable variation, however, in the enactment and implementation of such state-level firearm protection laws. Some states fail to extend IPV-related firearm related protections to dating partners, creating what has been referred to elsewhere as the “boyfriend loophole”, or what will be referred to here as the “partner loophole”. The goal of this analysis was to examine trends in National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data to assess the relationship of IPHs among unmarried victims in association with state partner loopholes. State policies were abstracted to identify partner loopholes. A series of negative binomial generalized estimating equations were performed using lagged policy variables, year fixed-effects, robust standard errors, and errors clustered by state. Model findings suggest that increased firearm access is related to higher rates of unmarried IPH victimization, however, the associations between the presence of a partner loophole and IPH rates amongst unmarried victims varied between racial subgroups. Significant, protective relationships with closed partner loopholes were identified for the IPH rates amongst white unmarried victims, however, not amongst victims of color. The partner loophole policies considered here, and other individual IPV-related and/or firearm-related policies may be an important component of protections, however, our findings suggest they are not independently sufficient to equitably reduce the burden of IPH. Continuing to develop public health and policy evaluation literature will be essential to progressing towards a policy landscape and cultural environment that are equitably protective.