Cognitive bias for pictorial and linguistic threat cues in children
Cognitive bias for pictorial and linguistic threat cues in children
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1007540608596
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Hoekzema, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kindt, M;van den Hout, M;Hoekzema, B
本研究旨在测试在焦虑儿童中观察到的威胁相关认知偏差的条件。在第一个实验中，对8-11岁的蜘蛛恐惧儿童（N = 55）和非蜘蛛恐惧儿童（N = 58），以及在第二个实验中，对8岁的蜘蛛恐惧儿童（N = 44）和两个对照组（N = 41; N = 36）进行了对威胁性文字和图片的认知偏差测量。认知偏差通过情绪Stroop任务进行评估。与我们之前的研究结果一致，所有8岁的孩子都对蜘蛛词有偏见，但对蜘蛛图片没有偏见。然而，当考虑到年龄因素时，我们观察到蜘蛛恐惧和偏见之间的关系：不害怕的孩子对蜘蛛词的偏见随着年龄的增长而下降，而害怕的孩子则保持这种偏见。这种年龄差异效应也重复了早期的发现（Kindt, Bierman, & Brosschot, 1997）。研究表明，8岁儿童对威胁性词汇的偏好是一种正常特征。在发育过程中，正常的孩子学会抑制这种加工偏见，而恐惧的孩子却无法学会这种能力。
The present study was designed to test the conditions under which threat-related cognitive bias can be observed in anxious children. Measures of cognitive bias for threatening words and pictures were obtained from spider fearful children (N = 55) and non-fearful children (N = 58) aged 8-11 in the first experiment, and from spider fearful children (N = 44), and two control groups (N = 41; N = 36) aged 8 in the second experiment. Cognitive bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop task. In line with our previous findings, all children aged 8 showed a bias for spider words, but not for spider pictures. However, a relation between spider fear and bias was observed when age was taken into account: bias for spider words decreased with age in the non-fearful children whereas this bias maintained in the fearful group. This differential age effect too replicated earlier findings (Kindt, Bierman, & Brosschot, 1997). It is suggested that a bias for threat words is a normal characteristic in children aged 8. During development, normal children learn to inhibit this processing bias, whilst fearful children fail to learn this ability.