Exposure to arsenic and lead and neuropsychological development in Mexican children
Exposure to arsenic and lead and neuropsychological development in Mexican children
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DOI：
10.1006/enrs.2000.4106
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Díaz-Barriga, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calderón, J;Navarro, ME;Díaz-Barriga, F
这项横断面研究探讨了长期接触铅、砷和营养不良对儿童神经心理发育的影响。使用墨西哥韦克斯勒儿童智力量表修订版(WISC-RM)对两个长期暴露于高水平(41名儿童)或低水平(39名儿童)砷和铅的人群进行了分析。接触组尿砷(AsU)和血铅(PbB)几何均数分别为62.9+/-0.03和8.9+/-0.03，对照组分别为40.2+/-0.03和9.7+/-0.02。以年龄身高指数(HAI)作为慢性营养不良的指标，并通过问卷调查获得社会人口学信息。铅、砷的测定采用原子吸收分光光度法。通过WISC-RM获得完整、言语和操作智商(IQ)分数、长期记忆、语言抽象、注意力广度和视觉空间组织的数据。在控制了显著的潜在混杂因素后，言语智商(P<；0.01)随着ASU浓度的增加而下降。HAI与总分及操作智商呈正相关(P<；0.01)。ASU水平越高，在检测长期记忆和语言抽象的WISC-RM因子上的表现越差，而在测量注意力的WISC-RM因子上，随着PBB值的增加，得分越低。我们的结果表明，暴露于砷和慢性营养不良可能会影响言语能力和长期记忆，而铅暴露即使在低水平也会影响注意力过程。(C)2001年学术出版社。
This cross-sectional study examined the effects of chronic exposure to lead (Pb), arsenic (AS) and undernutrition on the neuropsychological development of children. Two populations chronically exposed to either high (41 children) or low (39 children) levels of As and Pb were analyzed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Revised Version, for Mexico (WISC-RM). Geometric means of urinary arsenic (AsU) and lead in blood (PbB) were 62.9+/-0.03 (mu gAs/g creatinine) and 8.9 +/- 0.03 (mug/dl) for the exposed group and 40.2 +/- 0.03 (mu gAs/g creatinine) and 9.7 +/- 0.02 (mug/dl) for the reference group. The height for age index (HAI) was used as an indicator of chronic malnutrition and sociodemographic information was obtained with a questionnaire. Lead and arsenic were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data on full, verbal, and performance intelligence quotients (IQ) scores, long-term memory, linguistic abstraction, attention span, and visuospatial organization were obtained through the WISC-RM. After controlling for significant potential confounders verbal IQ (P < 0.01) decreased with increasing concentrations of AsU. The HAI correlated positively with full-scale and performance IQ (P < 0.01). Higher levels of AsU were significantly related to poorer performance on WISC-RM factors examining long-term memory and linguistic abstraction, while lower scores in WISC-RM factors measuring attention were obtained at increasing values of PbB. Our results suggest that exposure to As and chronic malnutrition could have an influence on verbal abilities and long-term memory, while Pb exposure could affect the attention process even at low levels. (C) 2001 Academic Press.