Environmental and Agricultural Significance of Volcanic Ash Soils
Environmental and Agricultural Significance of Volcanic Ash Soils
复制标题
火山灰土壤的环境和农业意义
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sadao;Shoji;Tadashi;Takahashi
火山灰沉积后不久，火山灰土壤开始形成，植被迅速恢复，创造了一个富有成效和舒适的环境。它们还具有积累大量有机碳和氮、大量储存水、改善水质、保存古环境和考古文物等多种重要功能。火山灰土壤是世界上生产力最高的土壤之一。如今，它们在日本最广泛地用于种植高价值的园艺作物。全面描述了与土壤生产力相关的特性。为了解决因管理不当造成的严重问题，维持火山灰土壤，鼓励轮作、土壤改良、精准农业和计划施肥。具有较高经济优势的推荐轮作还包括控制土传疾病和线虫的作物、提高土壤有机质水平的禾本科植物以及与丛枝菌根具有共生相互作用的作物，以促进植物对土壤磷的吸收。一些火山灰土壤的土层会强烈抑制植物根系的发育。针对此类土壤，采取深耕、拌土等土壤改良措施。特别是对于小规模田地的集约化农业，建议使用高性能控释肥料进行计划施肥。对于日本的大多数作物来说，通过单次基肥施用，可以在最佳地点进行正确的施肥程序。通过适当的管理，火山灰土壤能够实现高生产力和长期的农业和环境可持续性。
Volcanic ash soils begin to form with rapid restoration of vegetation soon after ash deposition and create a productive and comfortable environment. They also have various important functions such as accumulation of large amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen, plentiful storage of water, water quality improvement, and preservation of paleoenvironment and archaeological artifacts. Volcanic ash soils are among the most productive soils in the world. Nowadays they are most extensively utilized for growing high-value horticultural crops in Japan. The properties relating to their soil productivity are comprehensively described. In order to solve the serious problems caused by unsuitable management and to sustain volcanic ash soils, crop rotation, soil improvement, and precision agriculture and programmed fertilization are encouraged. Recommended rotations for with high economic advantages also include crops to control soil-borne diseases and nematodes, gramineous plants to enhance soil organic matter levels and crops having symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhiza that promote plant uptake of soil phosphorus. Some volcanic ash soils have soil horizons that strongly inhibit plant root development. Soil improvements such as deep cultivation and soil mixing are practiced for such soils. Programmed fertilization using controlled-release fertilizers with high performance is recommended especially for intensive agriculture on small-scale fields. Correctly programmed fertilization can be conducted at the best site by single basal application for most crops in Japan. With proper management volcanic ash soils are capable of high productivity and long-term agricultural and environmental sustainability.