A Food is Medicine approach to achieve nutrition security and improve health.
A Food is Medicine approach to achieve nutrition security and improve health.
复制标题
采用“食品即药物”的方法来实现营养安全和改善健康。
DOI：
10.1038/s41591-022-02027-3
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
82.9
通讯作者：
Petersen,Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mozaffarian,Dariush;Blanck,HeidiM;Garfield,KathrynM;Wassung,Alissa;Petersen,Ruth
营养不良是导致疾病、医疗保健支出和生产力损失的主要原因，主要来自与饮食有关的慢性疾病，但也来自营养不良1,2。这些负担分布不均，造成影响收入较低、受教育程度较低和少数民族群体成员的健康差距，这些人往往饮食不良、饥饿和相关疾病。整个生命周期的健康食品对于实现所有人的健康和福祉至关重要，但很少有持续的医疗保健或政策干预措施将其视为优先事项。现在，这种情况在美国开始发生变化，地方各级出现了有希望的以医疗保健为基础的粮食安全战略，同时越来越多的证据表明，饮食质量差导致的健康负担、成本和不公平现象也受到了关注。我们强调需要加快在卫生相关部门解决粮食和营养问题的两个重大转变。第一个转变是公共卫生和政策从粮食安全向营养安全的演变。粮食安全的正式定义包括健康，但在实践中，与粮食安全有关的衡量系统和政策主要侧重于食物数量（卡路里）而不是质量（营养食品）。营养安全的一项拟议定义旨在补充现有的粮食安全指标，即始终如一地获得、提供和负担得起食品和饮料，以促进健康，预防并在必要时治疗疾病4。联合国粮食及农业组织更新了其《世界粮食安全状况》报告，将营养纳入其中，包括一项关于健康、营养食品可负担性的新指标。美国农业部和疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）现在强调了营养安全的重要性，并提出了增加健康食品供应和消费的新战略。第二个相关的转变是将以食物为基础的营养策略纳入
Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of illness, healthcare spending and lost productivity, predominantly from diet-related chronic diseases but also from undernutrition 1, 2. These burdens are not evenly distributed, contributing to health disparities affecting people who have lower income, are less educated and are members of minority ethnic groups, who more often have poor diets, hunger and related diseases. Healthy foods across the lifespan are critical to achieve health and well-being for all, but few sustained healthcare or policy interventions have considered this as a priority. This is now beginning to change in the USA, with promising healthcare-anchored strategies to address food security emerging at local levels 3, combined with mounting evidence about and attention to health burdens, costs and inequities attributable to poor diet quality. We highlight two major shifts toward addressing food and nutrition within health-related sectors, which are in need of acceleration.The first shift is an evolution in public health and policy from food security to nutrition security 4. The formal definition of food security includes health, but in practice food-security-related measurement systems and polices have largely focused on food quantity (calories) rather than quality (nourishing foods). One proposed definition of nutrition security, which is intended to be additive to existing food security metrics, is consistent access, availability and affordability of foods and beverages that promote well-being and prevent and, if needed, treat disease 4. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization has updated its State of Food Security in the World reports to encompass nutrition, including a new metric on affordability of healthy, nourishing foods. The US Department of Agriculture and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now emphasize the importance of nutrition security along with new strategies to increase availability and consumption of healthful foods 5, 6. A second, related shift is the incorporation of food-based nutrition strategies into