Malaria
Malaria
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DOI：
10.1038/nrdp.2017.50
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发表时间：
2017-08-03
影响因子：
81.5
通讯作者：
Wells, Timothy N. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Phillips, Margaret A.;Burrows, Jeremy N.;Wells, Timothy N. C.
疟疾是由五种单细胞真核疟原虫(主要是恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫)通过按蚊叮咬传播而在人类中引起的。蚊子。疟疾仍然是最严重的传染病之一；它威胁着世界近一半的人口，并在2015年导致数十万人死亡，其中主要是非洲的儿童。疟疾是通过病媒控制方法(如喷洒杀虫剂和使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐)和用于治疗和预防的药物相结合来管理的。以青蒿素为基础的综合疗法的广泛使用大大减少了与疟疾有关的死亡人数；然而，抗药性的出现有可能逆转这一进展。我们对发病的潜在分子基础的理解的进步推动了新的诊断、药物和杀虫剂的发展。几种新的联合疗法正在临床开发中，这些疗法对耐药寄生虫具有疗效，并有可能用于单剂疗法以提高依从性。这一消除疟疾的雄心勃勃的方案还包括可生产疟疾疫苗或新的病媒控制战略的新方法。然而，尽管取得了这些成就，但如果要实现消除疟疾，就需要在多条战线上进行协调良好的全球努力。
Malaria is caused in humans by five species of single-celled eukaryotic Plasmodium parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) that are transmitted by the bite of Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. Malaria remains one of the most serious infectious diseases; it threatens nearly half of the world's population and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths in 2015, predominantly among children in Africa. Malaria is managed through a combination of vector control approaches (such as insecticide spraying and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets) and drugs for both treatment and prevention. The widespread use of artemisinin-based combination therapies has contributed to substantial declines in the number of malaria-related deaths; however, the emergence of drug resistance threatens to reverse this progress. Advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular basis of pathogenesis have fuelled the development of new diagnostics, drugs and insecticides. Several new combination therapies are in clinical development that have efficacy against drug-resistant parasites and the potential to be used in single-dose regimens to improve compliance. This ambitious programme to eliminate malaria also includes new approaches that could yield malaria vaccines or novel vector control strategies. However, despite these achievements, a well-coordinated global effort on multiple fronts is needed if malaria elimination is to be achieved.