Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Humans, Domestic Animals, and Village Water Sources in Rural India
Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Humans, Domestic Animals, and Village Water Sources in Rural India
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.15-0111
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Jenkins, Marion W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniels, Miles E.;Shrivastava, Arpit;Jenkins, Marion W.
小隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫是人畜共患的肠道原生动物，在环境卫生、个人卫生和供水不足的地区具有重大健康问题。我们检查了来自腹泻患者的 85 份粪便样本、7 种家畜类型的 111 份按物种分类的粪便样本，以及来自印度奥里萨邦沿海 60 个村庄的管井 (N = 207) 和池塘 (N = 94) 的水中的隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第鞭毛虫包囊，以测量出现情况、浓度/脱落和环境负荷率。 12% 的腹泻患者检测到卵囊/囊肿。在动物宿主中，隐孢子虫的检出率为 0% 至 35%，贾第鞭毛虫的检出率为 0% 至 67%。动物负荷估计表明，研究区域环境卵囊/包囊的最大贡献者是牛。池塘和管井都被两种原生动物污染（卵囊：37%，包囊：74%）（卵囊：10%，包囊：14%）。未来的研究应该解决这些发现所强调的公共卫生问题，并调查家畜在这种情况和类似情况下腹泻病传播中的作用。
Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are zoonotic enteric protozoa of significant health concern where sanitation, hygiene, and water supplies are inadequate. We examined 85 stool samples from diarrhea patients, 111 pooled fecal samples by species across seven domestic animal types, and water from tube wells (N = 207) and ponds (N = 94) across 60 villages in coastal Odisha, India, for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts to measure occurrence, concentration/shedding, and environmental loading rates. Oocysts/cysts were detected in 12% of diarrhea patients. Detection ranged from 0% to 35% for Cryptosporidium and 0% to 67% for Giardia across animal hosts. Animal loading estimates indicate the greatest contributors of environmental oocysts/cysts in the study region are cattle. Ponds were contaminated with both protozoa (oocysts: 37%, cysts: 74%), as were tube wells (oocysts: 10%, cysts: 14%). Future research should address the public health concern highlighted from these findings and investigate the role of domestic animals in diarrheal disease transmission in this and similar settings.