OBLIGATE PARTHENOGENESIS AND REPRODUCTIVE DIVISION OF LABOR IN THE JAPANESE QUEENLESS ANT PRISTOMYRMEX-PUNGENS - COMPARISON OF INTRANIDAL AND EXTRANIDAL WORKERS
OBLIGATE PARTHENOGENESIS AND REPRODUCTIVE DIVISION OF LABOR IN THE JAPANESE QUEENLESS ANT PRISTOMYRMEX-PUNGENS - COMPARISON OF INTRANIDAL AND EXTRANIDAL WORKERS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00302947
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
TSUJI, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
TSUJI, K
Pristomyrmex pungens的殖民地中的两种类型的工人被确认：nestidal工人（其特点是走在巢外）和intridal工人（其特点是留在巢内）。卵巢的novidal工人表现出很小的活动，而那些intridal工人表现出高活性，往往含有成熟的卵母细胞。因此我得出结论，只有顽固的工人才能繁殖。获得了103个人的行为剧目，并用于推断使用聚类分析组细分;此外，主成分分析进行的intrinidal工人在这一组。这些数据使得能够客观地分离体内和体内的工人。内巢型工蜂的平均体型大于外巢型工蜂，但两者的分布有重叠。三个测试进一步细分组内的工人表明，这样的细分是弱的，它也可能是所有的intrinidal工人产卵。个体大小与繁殖状况无显著相关性。每只蚂蚁的成熟卵母细胞数符合泊松分布，行为的前两个主成分因子得分与头宽呈显著相关。所有雌虫的卵巢都被吸收，身体也呈黄色（这表明有产卵史）。讨论了生殖性内巢型工蜂和非生殖性内巢型工蜂的分化发生的时间和方式。最有力的支持假说是，巢内的工蜂是古老的巢内工蜂。无论是在野外采集的样本还是在实验室研究的样本中，都没有发现雄性或受精的工蚁，这大大加强了早期的建议，即Pristomyrmex pungens是第一个已知的蚂蚁是强制性的thelytokous。这些发现表明Pristomyrmex pungens不再是真社会的，虽然它有任何thelytokous物种的社会行为的最高形式;他们也提出了一个问题，是否有因素促进损失的真社会性和性在这个物种。生态因素初步表明，即需要保持大的殖民地面对游牧的生活方式，涉及频繁的殖民地分裂。
Two types of workers were recognized in colonies of Pristomyrmex pungens: extranidal workers (which characteristically walk outside the nest) and intranidal workers (which characteristically stay inside the nest). The ovaries of extranidal workers showed little activity, whereas those of intranidal workers showed high activity and often contained mature oocytes. I therefore conclude that only the intranidal workers reproduce. A behavioral repertoire of 103 individuals was obtained and used to infer group subdivision using cluster analysis; in addition, principal component analysis was performed on the intranidal workers in this set. These data enabled objective separation of extranidal and intranidal workers. Intranidal workers were larger in size on average than extranidal workers; however, the distributions overlapped. Three tests for further subdivision within the group of intranidal workers indicated that such subdivision is weak, and it also likely that all intranidal workers lay eggs. There was no significant correlation between body size and reproductive status. The number of mature oocytes per ant fitted a Poisson distribution, and the first two principal component factors scores of behavior showed significant correlation with head width. All extranidal workers had resorbed ovaries and also had yellow bodies (which indicated a history of oviposition). When and how the differentiation between the reproductive intranidal workers and the non-reproductive extranidal workers occurred is discussed. The best-supported hypothesis is that extranidal workers are old intranidal ones. Neither males nor inseminated workers were found in any samples collected in the field or studied in the laboratory, which greatly strengthens earlier suggestions that Pristomyrmex pungens is the first-known ant to be obligately thelytokous. These findings indicate that Pristomyrmex pungens is no longer eusocial, although it has the highest form of social behavior of any thelytokous species; they also raise the question of whether or not there are factors promoting the loss of eusociality and sexuality in this species. Ecological factors are tentatively indicated, namely, the need to maintain large colonies in the face of a nomadic lifestyle involving frequent colony fragmentation.