First occurrence of the non-native bryozoan Schizoporella japonica Ortmann (1890) in Western Europe
First occurrence of the non-native bryozoan Schizoporella japonica Ortmann (1890) in Western Europe
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DOI：
10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.3
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发表时间：
2014-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Porter, Joanne S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ryland, John S.;Holt, Rohan;Porter, Joanne S.
日本裂孔菌（Schizoporella japonica Ortmann）最初在日本被发现，但后来被引入太平洋牡蛎中，并在北美太平洋海岸得到了很好的发展。本文首次在欧洲沃茨记录到该虫。最初的发现是在2010年7月在北威尔士霍利黑德的一个码头，但S。此后，在奥克尼群岛（从2011年5月开始）以及随后在苏格兰北方的其他地方大量观察到日本。似乎最有可能是在一艘远洋船上引进的。英国的材料在这里充分描述和说明SEM和彩色照片;一些不寻常的字符进行了讨论。与其他最近引进的苔藓虫不同，S.日本是一个冷水物种，它在英国的繁殖季节一直延续到冬天。在加拿大和美国西海岸，这种裂孔菌与其他裂孔菌之间存在广泛的混淆，这导致我们对相关物种（独角裂孔菌（伍德的约翰斯顿）、锯齿裂孔菌（沃茨）和拟锯齿裂孔菌Soule、Soule和Chaney）进行了彻底的形态测量比较。唇口苔藓虫的动物体大小是可变的，通常是一个不可靠的物种分离的特征，但形状（因此变量之间的比例，这是独立的大小）往往是有价值的：S。japonica的寄生虫具有比其它种类大得多的长宽比。前缘假孔密度提供了一个有用的判别特征。北美太平洋沿岸的裂孔藻（Schizoporella unicornis）被多次错误地报道，但并没有出现在那里;它是一个欧洲物种。对S. japonica和S. unicornis的欧洲识别和S. japonica，S. errata和S. pseudoerrata（这也说明）为北美地区。
Schizoporella japonica Ortmann was described from Japan but was subsequently introduced on Pacific oysters to the Pacific coast of North America, where it is now well established. In this paper we record it for the first time in European waters. The initial discovery was in a marina at Holyhead, North Wales, in July 2010 but S. japonica has since been observed abundantly in the Orkney Islands (from May 2011) and, subsequently, at other localities in northern Scotland. Introduction seems most likely to have been on an ocean-going vessel. The British material is here fully described and illustrated with SEMs and colour photographs; some unusual characters are discussed. Unlike other recently introduced bryozoans, S. japonica is a cold-water species and its breeding season in Britain extends through the winter. Extensive confusion between this and other species of Schizoporella on the west coast of Canada and the USA led us to make thorough morphometric comparisons between the species concerned (Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston in Wood), Schizoporella errata (Waters) and Schizoporella pseudoerrata Soule, Soule and Chaney). Zooid size in cheilostomate bryozoans is variable and often an unreliable character for species separation but shape (and therefore ratios between variables, which are independent of size) are often valuable: S. japonica zooids have a much greater length: width ratio than the other species. Density of frontal pseudopores provides a useful discriminatory character. Schizoporella unicornis, repeatedly reported in error from the Pacific coast of North America, does not occur there; it is a European species. Full comparisons are made between S. japonica and S. unicornis for European identification and between S. japonica, S. errata and S. pseudoerrata (which are also illustrated) for North American localities.