Reasoning from data: How students collect and interpret data in science investigations
Reasoning from data: How students collect and interpret data in science investigations
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从数据推理：学生如何在科学研究中收集和解释数据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Millar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zoe Kanari;R. Millar
本研究旨在探讨学生在进行科学探究任务时，对数据和测量的理解，以及他们从数据中推理的方式。在研究中使用的两个实际任务，每个涉及调查两个自变量（IV）和一个因变量（DV）之间的关系，在这两个任务中，一个IV与DV协变，而其他没有。每个进行了10名学生，年龄10，12和14岁（总n = 60名学生），单独工作。他们的行动被录像下来供分析。在随后的采访中，每个学生被要求讨论和解释其他两个学生收集的数据，进行类似的（但不同的）实际任务，在录像中显示。对样本学生在实际任务中的表现和他们的访谈反应进行的分析表明，在学生的推理中，任务背景或年龄的差异不大，但在调查协变和非协变情况时，表现有显着差异。样本中很少有学生对测量误差有足够的了解，从而有效地处理测量误差。对非协变情况的调查比对协变情况的调查更清楚地揭示了学生对数据和测量的想法，以及他们从数据中推理的方式。因此，这种调查为教学和研究提供了特别有价值的背景。
This study explored the understandings of data and measurement that school students draw upon, and the ways that they reason from data, when carrying out a practical science inquiry task. The two practical tasks used in the study each involved investigations of the relationships between two independent variables (IVs) and a dependent variable (DV); in both tasks, one IV covaried with the DV, whereas the other did not. Each was undertaken by 10 students, aged 10, 12, and 14 years (total n = 60 students), working individually. Their actions were video-recorded for analysis. In a subsequent interview, each student was asked to discuss and interpret data collected by two other students, undertaking a similar (but different) practical task, shown on a video-recording. An analysis of the sample students' performance on the practical tasks and their interview responses showed few differences across task contexts, or with age, in students' reasoning, but significant differences in performance when investigating situations of covariation and non-covariation. Few students in the sample displayed sufficient understanding of measurement error to deal effectively with the latter. Investigations of non-covariation cases revealed, much more clearly than investigations of covariation cases, the students' ideas about data and measurement, and their ways of reasoning from data. Such investigations therefore provide particularly valuable contexts for teaching and research.