The study of host-microbiome (co)evolution across levels of selection
The study of host-microbiome (co)evolution across levels of selection
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0604
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发表时间：
2020-09-28
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Bergelson, Joy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koskella, Britt;Bergelson, Joy
微生物的多样性在很大程度上可以解释为来自非生物和生物环境的选择，包括宿主相关微生物与真核生物的相互作用。因此，宿主相关微生物组的多样性可以在各种尺度上进行有效研究：随着时间的推移在单个宿主内，在种群内的宿主基因型之间，种群之间和宿主物种之间。最近在这些规模和不同系统中进行的大量研究是：（i）举例说明宿主遗传学在塑造微生物组组成中的重要性;（ii）揭示微生物组在塑造关键宿主表型中的作用;（iii）突出微生物组的动态性质。他们还提出了一个关键问题：这些复杂的关联是否符合我们对进化和共同进化的现有理解，或者这些经常亲密和看似跨代的相互作用是否遵循先前确定的新进化规则？在本文中，我们描述了宿主微生物组系统中（共同）进化的已知重要性，将现有数据置于数十年研究开发的现有框架内，并询问宿主微生物组系统是否具有需要范式转变的独特特性。通过研究选择何时以及如何作用于宿主及其微生物组作为一个单位（称为holobiont），我们发现现有的概念框架，专注于个人，以及个人和群体之间的相互作用，通常非常适合于理解这些亲密组合中的（共同）进化变化。本文是主题问题“微生物组在宿主进化中的作用”的一部分。
Microorganismal diversity can be explained in large part by selection imposed from both the abiotic and biotic environments, including-in the case of host-associated microbiomes-interactions with eukaryotes. As such, the diversity of host-associated microbiomes can be usefully studied across a variety of scales: within a single host over time, among host genotypes within a population, between populations and among host species. A plethora of recent studies across these scales and across diverse systems are: (i) exemplifying the importance of the host genetics in shaping microbiome composition; (ii) uncovering the role of the microbiome in shaping key host phenotypes; and (iii) highlighting the dynamic nature of the microbiome. They have also raised a critical question: do these complex associations fit within our existing understanding of evolution and coevolution, or do these often intimate and seemingly cross-generational interactions follow novel evolutionary rules from those previously identified? Herein, we describe the known importance of (co)evolution in host-microbiome systems, placing the existing data within extant frameworks that have been developed over decades of study, and ask whether there are unique properties of host-microbiome systems that require a paradigm shift. By examining when and how selection can act on the host and its microbiome as a unit (termed, the holobiont), we find that the existing conceptual framework, which focuses on individuals, as well as interactions among individuals and groups, is generally well suited for understanding (co)evolutionary change in these intimate assemblages. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of the microbiome in host evolution'.