Exploring the cognitive features in children with autism spectrum disorder, their co-twins, and typically developing children within a population-based sample
Exploring the cognitive features in children with autism spectrum disorder, their co-twins, and typically developing children within a population-based sample
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12362
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Happe, Francesca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunsdon, Victoria E. A.;Colvert, Emma;Happe, Francesca
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的行为症状被认为反映了潜在的认知缺陷/差异。关于自闭症谱系障碍的认知特征，文献中的发现有些混杂。本研究试图通过调查一系列认知缺陷和多种认知非典型性的流行来解决这一问题，该研究以大量人群为基础，包括ASD儿童、未受影响的同卵双胞胎和典型发育的比较儿童。研究对象包括来自双胞胎早期发展研究（TEDS）的家庭，其中一个或两个孩子符合ASD的诊断标准。总的来说，181名被诊断为ASD的青少年和73名未受影响的双胞胎被纳入研究，另外还有160名对照参与者。广泛的认知电池被用来测量智商、中央一致性、执行功能和心理理论能力。结果ASD组、同卵双胞胎组和对照组在心理理论、执行功能和中央一致性任务评估方面存在差异。与未受影响的同卵双胞胎和对照组相比，ASD组在认知任务中的表现明显更多。近三分之一的ASD组表现出多种认知非典型性。结论多种认知非典型性可能是ASD的一个特征，但不是普遍特征。需要进一步研究特定的认知非典型性，无论是单独的还是共同的，是否与ASD的特定行为特征有关。
BackgroundThe behavioural symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to reflect underlying cognitive deficits/differences. The findings in the literature are somewhat mixed regarding the cognitive features of ASD. This study attempted to address this issue by investigating a range of cognitive deficits and the prevalence of multiple cognitive atypicalities in a large population-based sample comprising children with ASD, their unaffected co-twins, and typically developing comparison children.MethodsParticipants included families from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) where one or both children met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Overall, 181 adolescents with a diagnosis of ASD and 73 unaffected co-twins were included, plus an additional 160 comparison control participants. An extensive cognitive battery was administered to measure IQ, central coherence, executive function, and theory of mind ability.ResultsDifferences between groups (ASD, co-twin, control) are reported on tasks assessing theory of mind, executive function, and central coherence. The ASD group performed atypically in significantly more cognitive tasks than the unaffected co-twin and control groups. Nearly a third of the ASD group presented with multiple cognitive atypicalities.ConclusionsMultiple cognitive atypicalities appear to be a characteristic, but not universal feature, of ASD. Further work is needed to investigate whether specific cognitive atypicalities, either alone or together, are related to specific behaviours characteristic of ASD.