Balancing Power Dynamics in Smart Homes: Nannies' Perspectives on How Cameras Reflect and Affect Relationships
Balancing Power Dynamics in Smart Homes: Nannies' Perspectives on How Cameras Reflect and Affect Relationships
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发表时间：
2022
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通讯作者：
Julia Bernd;Ruba Abu-Salma;Jung-Hyuck Choy;Alisa Frik
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作者：
Julia Bernd;Ruba Abu-Salma;Jung-Hyuck Choy;Alisa Frik
智能家庭摄像头引发了人们对隐私的担忧，部分原因是它们不仅经常收集部署它们的主要用户的数据，还经常收集其他人的数据——这些人可能是有意监视的目标或偶然的旁观者。在智能家居中工作的家庭员工必须应对一个复杂的情况，它将隐私和家庭、工作场所和护理的社会规范融合在一起。本文介绍了对美国家庭托儿工作者进行的25次半结构化访谈的结果，这些访谈涉及智能家用相机，重点关注隐私考虑如何与雇主-雇员关系的动态相互作用。我们展示了参与者对相机数据收集的看法，以及他们对数据使用和共享设定条件的愿望和能力，是如何受到权力差异和关于谁应该控制给定背景下信息流的规范的影响的。参与者对雇主摄像头的态度往往取决于雇主如何使用这些数据；参与者是否认为相机的使用可能会加强雇主与雇员关系中的消极倾向；以及相机的使用和披露如何反映现有的关系趋势。我们还建议通过技术干预和社会干预来缓解权力失衡对家政员工隐私和个人代理的不利影响。
Smart home cameras raise privacy concerns in part because they frequently collect data not only about the primary users who deployed them but also other parties—who may be targets of intentional surveillance or incidental bystanders. Domestic employees working in smart homes must navigate a complex situation that blends privacy and social norms for homes, workplaces, and caregiving. This paper presents findings from 25 semi-structured interviews with domestic childcare workers in the U.S. about smart home cameras, focusing on how privacy considerations interact with the dynamics of their employer–employee relationships. We show how participants’ views on camera data collection, and their desire and ability to set conditions on data use and sharing, were affected by power differentials and norms about who should control information flows in a given context. Participants’ attitudes about employers’ cameras often hinged on how employers used the data; whether participants viewed camera use as likely to reinforce negative tendencies in the employer–employee relationship; and how camera use and disclosure might reflect existing relationship tendencies. We also suggest technical and social interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of power imbalances on domestic employees’ privacy and individual agency.