A Pollen Record from Birket Qarun and the Recent History of the Fayum, Egypt
A Pollen Record from Birket Qarun and the Recent History of the Fayum, Egypt
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Birket Qarun 的花粉记录和埃及法尤姆的近代历史
DOI：
10.1016/0033-5894(79)90006-1
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
F. Hassan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Mehringer;K. Petersen;F. Hassan
埃及 Birket Qarun 的两个短岩芯的沉积物和花粉化石反映了过去 325 年的尼罗河洪水、湖泊水位和农业发展，并展示了法尤姆凹陷长期详细记录的潜力。这些岩心的年代顺序是通过历史事件与化石和沉积记录变化的相关性来推断的。由于湖泊沉积物的偶尔暴露、干燥和改造而产生的次角状粘土碎屑和块状结构反映了 1600 年代中期尼罗河的低洪水。浅水、有根水生植物的丰富花粉为 1700 年代湖泊水位持续较低提供了证据。 1817-1818 年尼罗河特大洪水造成的高湖水位，由暴露在伯克特卡伦北岸的始新世海洋沉积物中的海毛圈记录下来，并通过波浪作用进行了改造。农业政策中反映的政治管理也记录在湖泊历史中。湖泊水位的变化在一定程度上与马穆鲁克和奥斯曼控制期间运河的忽视以及穆罕默德·阿里农业政策下重新维护运河有关。香蒲 (Typha) 花粉的增加源于 1873 年之后的多年灌溉。1930 年之后，由于果树、木材树、燃料树和防风树的加速引进和种植，橄榄和枣花粉以及新引进的外来树木的花粉变得丰富。外来植物的引入顺序反映在玉米的花粉中，来自新大陆，其次是来自东南亚的木麻黄和来自东南亚的木麻黄。 澳大利亚和来自澳大利亚的桉树。
Sediments and fossil pollen of two short cores from Birket Qarun, Egypt, reflect Nile floods, lake levels, and agricultural developments of the last 325 yr, and demonstrate the potential of a long and detailed record from the Fayum Depression. The chronology of these cores is inferred by correlation of historic events with changes in the fossil and sedimentary records.Subangular clay clasts and blocky structure resulting from occasional exposure, drying, and reworking of lake sediments reflect low Nile floods of the mid-1600s. Abundant pollen of shallowwater, rooted aquatic plants provides evidence for continued low lake levels through the 1700s. A high lake level, resulting from the extreme Nile flood of 1817–1818, is recorded by hystrichospheres, reworked by wave action, from Eocene marine sediments exposed on the north shore of Birket Qarun.Political administration, as reflected in agricultural policy, is also recorded in lake history. Changing lake levels are, in part, correlated with canal neglect during Mamluk and Ottoman control, and renewed canal maintenance under the agricultural policy of Mohammed Ali. Increased cattail (Typha) pollen dates from perenial irrigation after 1873. Olive and date pollen, and pollen of newly introduced exotic trees, are abundant after 1930 as a result of accelerated introduction and cultivation of fruit, lumber, fuel, and windbreak trees following World War I. The sequence of introduction of exotic plants is reflected in the pollen of Zea mays, from the New World, followed by Casuarina from Southeast Asia and Australia, and Eucalyptus from Australia.