Infant mortality and air pollution: A comprehensive analysis of US data for 1990
Infant mortality and air pollution: A comprehensive analysis of US data for 1990
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2000.10464168
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wyzga, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lipfert, FW;Zhang, J;Wyzga, RE
本文使用美国关联的出生和死亡记录，基于空间关系探讨婴儿死亡率与环境因素之间的关联。该分析考虑了一系列婴儿死亡率终点、回归模型以及环境和社会经济变量。基本分析涉及个体的逻辑回归建模；该队列包括 1990 年在美国出生的所有婴儿，所需数据可从匹配的出生和死亡记录中获得。这些个人数据包括婴儿的性别、种族、出生月份和出生体重，以及母亲的个人数据，包括年龄、产前护理的充分性以及大多数情况下的吸烟和教育程度。人口普查和其他来源的生态变量与常住县相匹配，包括环境空气质量、海拔、气候、人均医生人数、收入中位数、种族和民族分布、失业率和人口密度。考虑的空气质量变量是 1990 年 PM10、CO、SO2、SO42- 和“非硫酸盐 PM10”（NSPM10-通过从 PM10 中减去估计的 SO42- 质量而获得）的年平均值。由于所有变量并非适用于所有县（尤其是母亲吸烟），因此有必要考虑总队列的各个子集。我们按年龄（新生儿和新生儿后）、出生体重（正常和低体重）检查了所有婴儿死亡和死亡。
This paper uses U.S. linked birth and death records to explore associations between infant mortality and environmental factors, based on spatial relationships. The analysis considers a range of infant mortality end points, regression models, and environmental and socioeconomic variables. The basic analysis involves logistic regression modeling of individuals; the cohort comprises all infants born in the United States in 1990 for whom the required data are available from the matched birth and death records. These individual data include sex, race, month of birth, and birth weight of the infant, and personal data on the mother, including age, adequacy of prenatal care, and smoking and education in most instances. Ecological variables from Census and other sources are matched on the county of usual residence and include ambient air quality, elevation above sea level, climate, number of physicians per capita, median income, racial and ethnic distribution, unemployment, and population density. The air quality variables considered were 1990 annual averages of PM10, CO, SO2, SO42-, and "non-sulfate PM10" (NSPM10-obtained by subtracting the estimated SO42- mass from PM10). Because all variables were not available for all counties (especially maternal smoking), it was necessary to consider various subsets of the total cohort.We examined all infant deaths and deaths by age (neonatal and postneonatal), by birth weight (normal and low [