Applications of finite element simulation in orthopedic and trauma surgery
Applications of finite element simulation in orthopedic and trauma surgery
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DOI：
10.5312/wjo.v3.i4.25
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发表时间：
2012-04-18
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Gracia, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrera, Antonio;Ibarz, Elena;Gracia, Luis
骨科和创伤外科不同领域的研究需要一种方法，既允许更经济的方法，又能够以简单的方式再现不同的情况。模拟模型最近已被引入生物工程，并可能成为任何生理单位的研究，无论其复杂性的一个重要工具。有限元模拟建模的主要问题是在人体的任何区域实现解剖结构的准确再现和不同结构的完美相关性。作者开发了一种混合技术，加入使用三维激光扫描仪罗兰Picza捕获连同计算机断层扫描（CT）和3D CT图像，以实现解剖结构的完美再现。有限元模拟可以让我们了解人工髋关节假体或接骨术植入后发生的生物力学变化以及骨对生物力学变化的生物学反应。模拟模型能够预测种植体周围骨应力分布的变化，从而防止未来的病理学。腰椎有限元模型的开发是模拟的另一个有趣的应用。该模型允许对腰椎进行研究，不仅在生理条件下，而且还模拟不同的负荷条件，以评估对生物力学的影响。还可以模拟不同程度的椎间盘退变，以确定对相邻解剖结构的影响。最后，FE模型可用于测试不同的固定系统，即，椎弓根螺钉、椎间器械或刚性固定与动力固定的比较。我们还开发了腰椎和髋关节模型，以预测腰椎骨折的发生，基于密度测定和特定的生物力学模型，包括损伤和骨折力学的方法。有限元模拟还使我们能够预测应用于畸形矫正的矫形夹板的行为，提供恢复力-位移和角度-力矩曲线，这些曲线表征夹板在整个运动范围内的机械行为。(C)2012年百世登。All rights reserved.
Research in different areas of orthopedic and trauma surgery requires a methodology that allows both a more economic approach and the ability to reproduce different situations in an easy way. Simulation models have been introduced recently in bioengineering and could become an essential tool in the study of any physiological unity, regardless of its complexity. The main problem in modeling with finite elements simulation is to achieve an accurate reproduction of the anatomy and a perfect correlation of the different structures, in any region of the human body. Authors have developed a mixed technique, joining the use of a three-dimensional laser scanner Roland Picza captured together with computed tomography (CT) and 3D CT images, to achieve a perfect reproduction of the anatomy. Finite element (FE) simulation lets us know the biomechanical changes that take place after hipprostheses or osteosynthesis implantation and biological responses of bone to biomechanical changes. The simulation models are able to predict changes in bone stress distribution around the implant, so allowing preventing future pathologies. The development of a FE model of lumbar spine is another interesting application of the simulation. The model allows research on the lumbar spine, not only in physiological conditions but also simulating different load conditions, to assess the impact on biomechanics. Different degrees of disc degeneration can also be simulated to determine the impact on adjacent anatomical elements. Finally, FE models may be useful to test different fixation systems, i.e., pedicular screws, interbody devices or rigid fixations compared with the dynamic ones. We have also developed models of lumbar spine and hip joint to predict the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, based on densitometric determinations and specific biomechanical models, including approaches from damage and fracture mechanics. FE simulations also allow us to predict the behavior of orthopedic splints applied to the correction of deformities, providing the recovering force-displacement and angle-moment curves that characterize the mechanical behavior of the splint in the overall range of movement. (C) 2012 Baishideng. All rights reserved.