Plant diversity effects on soil food webs are stronger than those of elevated CO2 and N deposition in a long-term grassland experiment
Plant diversity effects on soil food webs are stronger than those of elevated CO2 and N deposition in a long-term grassland experiment
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1217382110
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发表时间：
2013-04-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Reich, Peter B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenhauer, Nico;Dobies, Tomasz;Reich, Peter B.
最近的荟萃分析表明，生物多样性丧失对生态系统功能的影响程度与其他全球环境变化因素相似。然而，土壤生物的丰度和功能被假设为对这种变化的反应要小得多，特别是在植物多样性方面，比地上变量，尽管这一假设的测试是非常罕见的。我们研究了土壤食物网（土壤微生物，线虫，microarthropods）的反应，以13-y操纵的多个环境因素，在全球范围内不断变化，特别是植物物种丰富度，大气中的CO2和N沉积在明尼苏达州的草地实验。植物多样性是土壤食物网结构和功能的强大驱动力，通过几个自下而上（资源控制）的影响，而二氧化碳和氮只有适度的影响。我们发现植物多样性与CO2和N之间的相互作用很少，这可能是因为这些因素对资源可用性的相互作用很弱（例如。例如，在一个实施例中，根生物量）。植物多样性的影响可能很大，因为高植物多样性促进了土壤有机质的积累，在该网站的桑迪，有机质贫乏的土壤。植物多样性的影响不能解释某些植物功能群的存在。我们的研究结果强调了植物多样性损失对土壤食物网（土壤生物的密度和多样性）和功能的重要性。由于目前的研究结果表明，普遍的植物多样性的影响和与其他全球变化驱动因素的相互作用很少，保护植物多样性可能是高度优先事项，以保持生物多样性和土壤功能在不断变化的世界。
Recent metaanalyses suggest biodiversity loss affects the functioning of ecosystems to a similar extent as other global environmental change agents. However, the abundance and functioning of soil organisms have been hypothesized to be much less responsive to such changes, particularly in plant diversity, than aboveground variables, although tests of this hypothesis are extremely rare. We examined the responses of soil food webs (soil microorganisms, nematodes, microarthropods) to 13-y manipulation of multiple environmental factors that are changing at global scales-specifically plant species richness, atmospheric CO2, and N deposition-in a grassland experiment in Minnesota. Plant diversity was a strong driver of the structure and functioning of soil food webs through several bottom-up (resource control) effects, whereas CO2 and N only had modest effects. We found few interactions between plant diversity and CO2 and N, likely because of weak interactive effects of those factors on resource availability (e. g., root biomass). Plant diversity effects likely were large because high plant diversity promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter in the site's sandy, organic matter-poor soils. Plant diversity effects were not explained by the presence of certain plant functional groups. Our results underline the prime importance of plant diversity loss cascading to soil food webs (density and diversity of soil organisms) and functions. Because the present results suggest prevailing plant diversity effects and few interactions with other global change drivers, protecting plant diversity may be of high priority to maintain the biodiversity and functioning of soils in a changing world.