Recent Progress on Phospholipases: Different Sources, Assay Methods, Industrial Potential and Pathogenicity
Recent Progress on Phospholipases: Different Sources, Assay Methods, Industrial Potential and Pathogenicity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12010-011-9190-6
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Chand, Subhash
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramrakhiani, Lata;Chand, Subhash
磷脂酶的优化、特性、生理作用和工业潜力已在世界范围内进行了重要的研究。其中一些用于生物技术进步，如基因发现和通过蛋白质工程增强功能。另一些报告称磷脂酶是致病因子和引起病理生理效应的主要原因。为了鉴定新的可靠有效的磷脂酶，需要对磷脂酶进行全面的概述，这将在许多工业和医疗应用中得到潜在的应用。磷脂酶催化甘油磷脂的一个或多个酯和磷酸二酯键的水解。它们对磷脂的作用部位不同，可用于工业上对新磷脂的改性/生产。催化活性磷脂酶主要以磷脂酰胆碱为主要底物，但也能与其他磷脂表现出特异性。已知几种准确的磷脂酶测定方法，但快速、可靠的高通量筛选方法仍然是高效供应优质磷脂酶及其实际应用的挑战。磷脂酶的主要用途是炼油、保健食品制造、乳制品、化妆品等行业。所有类型的磷脂酶都可以作为毒力因子参与其中。它们也可用作微生物感染的诊断标志物。磷脂酶在毒力中的重要性已得到证实，该酶的抑制剂可用作预防相关疾病的候选药物。
Significant studies on phospholipases optimization, characterization, physiological role and industrial potential have been conducted worldwide. Some of them have been directed for biotechnological advances such as gene discovery and functional enhancement by protein engineering. Others reported phospholipases as virulence factor and major cause of pathophysiological effects. A general overview on phospholipase is needed for the identification of new reliable and efficient phospholipase, which would be potentially used in number of industrial and medical applications. Phospholipases catalyse the hydrolysis of one or more ester and phosphodiester bonds of glycerophospholipids. They vary in site of action on phospholipid which can be used industrially for modification/production of new phospholipids. Catalytically active phospholipase mainly use phosphatidylcholine as major substrate, but they can also show specificity with other phospholipids. Several accurate phospholipase assay methods are known, but a rapid and reliable method for high-throughput screening is still a challenge for efficient supply of superior phospholipases and their practical applications. Major application of phospholipase is in industries like oil refinery, health food manufacturing, dairy, cosmetics etc. All types of phospholipases can be involved as virulence factor. They can also be used as diagnostic markers for microbial infection. The importance of phospholipase in virulence is proven and inhibitors of the enzyme can be used as candidate for preventing the associated disease.